EXAM #5 (Ch. 10)

Question 1

what separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

what are the three separate chambers of the thoracic cavity?

what separates them?

Answer 2

both pleural cavities
+
pericardial cavities

mediastinum separates them

Question 3

organs in the respiratory system

Answer 3

pharynx

trachea

bronchi

lungs

Question 4

what is the trachea

Answer 4

16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings in its walls

Question 5

what is the carina

Answer 5

hooklike process in tachea

where trachea vibrates here

Question 6

right primary bronchus is ____ ____ ____

Answer 6

shorter wider and more vertical than left

Question 7

subdivisions of bronchial tree

Answer 7

Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

Question 8

subdivisions of bronchial tree and direction to alveolar sacs

Answer 8

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

Question 9

what is the inferior portion of the lungs called

Answer 9

base

rests on diaphragm
lower on back and sides than front

Question 10

what is the medial border of lungs

Answer 10

hilum

Question 11

right lung is ____ and ____ than left because of the ____

Answer 11

right lung is shorter and broader than left because of the liver

Question 12

right lung is ____ and ____ than left because of the ____

Answer 12

right lung is shorter and broader than left because of the liver

(moves inferior during inspiration)
(moves superiorly during expiration)

Question 13

each lung enclosed in a double-walled serous membrane sac called the ____

Answer 13

pleura

Question 14

which lung has three lobes?

Answer 14

right

Question 15

aspirated foreign objects most likely to lodge

A. right primary bronchus
B. left primary bronchus
C. carina
D. esophagus

Answer 15

right primary bronchus (shorter and more vertical)

Question 16

how may lobes does the left lung have?

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 16

left = [2] lobes

right = [3] lobes

Question 17

what’s the inner layer of pleura called?

what’s the outer layer of pleura called?

Answer 17

inner = visceral pleura

outer = parietal pleura

Question 18

what is the recommended SID

Answer 18

at least 72 inches

Question 19

what is atelectasis

Answer 19

fluid in the lung

Question 20

what does body habitus determine?

Answer 20

shape, position and movement of internal organs

Question 21

what does the thoracic cavity extend between?

Answer 21

superior thoracic aperture to inferior thoracic aperture

Question 22

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

[6 items]

Answer 22

heart

respiratory organs

cardiovascular system

lymphatic system

inferior esophagus

thymus glad

Question 23

according to the book: how long should a patient lie on their side for a left lateral decubitus before the image is taken?

why?

Answer 23

5 minutes

to allow air to rise and liquid to sit

Question 24

What’s the position of the trachea in relation to the esophagus

Answer 24

anterior

Question 25

Where is the mediastinum located

Answer 25

between the lungs and is bounded by the sternum anteriorly

Question 26

What is in the mediastinum [9 items]

Answer 26

heart great vessels trachea esophagus thymus lymphatics nerves fibrous tissue fat

Question 27

Know where and what Costophrenic angle is

Answer 27

side margins of the lungs where the lungs can expand to during inspiration

Question 28

How many divisions are there of the primary bronchus on each side

Answer 28

trachea primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles

Question 29

What is the apex of the lung (definition and diagram)

Answer 29

top of the lung

Question 30

What is the optimum position of a patient for a chest x-ray

Answer 30

upright position

Question 31

Why is a left lateral done • Why is it not a right lateral?

Answer 31

places heart closer to IR, resulting in a less magnified heart

Question 32

What is a pneumothorax

Answer 32

gas or air in the pleural cavity

Question 33

What exposure technique is required to penetrate the thoracic anatomy

Answer 33

high kilovolt kVp

Question 34

Why is a 72 inch SID used

Answer 34

minimizes magnification of heart + better recorded detail of lungs

Question 35

How far above the shoulders should the IR be placed (for PA and lateral)

Answer 35

about 2 inches above relaxed shoulders

Question 36

According to the book: where are the hands placed for a PA chest x-ray

Answer 36

back of hands low on the hips below costophrenic angle with elbows flexed

Question 37

What is the optimal respiration phase (for PA and lateral)

Answer 37

take exposure after second inspiration

Question 38

How many ribs should you see above the diaphragm in a PA chest

Answer 38

10

Question 39

How many ribs should you see above the diaphragm in a PA chest

Answer 39

10?

Question 40

If the decubitus is done for free air, which side should patient lie on

Answer 40

lie on unaffected side

Question 41

What should be demonstrated in the decubitus position

Answer 41

elevate 2-3 inches on affected side true lateral, no rotation arms over head anterior or posterior side of chest on grid

Question 42

What is bronchitis

Answer 42

inflammation of the bronchi

Question 43

What is pleural effusion

Answer 43

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 44

What is pulmonary edema

Answer 44

replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli

Question 45

What is C.O.P.D. (what does it stand for and what is it)

Answer 45

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease blocks airflow making it hard to breathe

Question 46

Know where the aortic arch is

Answer 46

top of the aorta, the arch

Question 47

Know where the heart is on PA x-ray

Answer 47

patient left, your right