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AU14 Periodontology > Exam 1; Classification and Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1; Classification and Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

The definitions of health, illness, and disease have varied with the times

A

True

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2
Q

The successful management of periodontal disease depends in the ability of a clinician to do what three things

A

accurate diagnosis of periodontal disease
predict the affect of the systemic status of the patient on the course of the disease
confirm the prediction with assessment of therapeutic outcomes

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3
Q

This is a diverse family of complex and distinct pathological entities found within the periodontium that are the result of etiologies

A

periodontal disease

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4
Q

What are the two periodontal diseases that different depending on the severity of destruction

A

gingival diseases

destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis)

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5
Q

This is the study of disease origin and spread and pattern of disease development

A

epidemiolog

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6
Q

This is the number of cases of a disease or condition per population at risk at a particular point in time

A

prevalence

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7
Q

This is the number of new cases of a disease or condition over a specified period of time

A

incidence

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8
Q

What is the attachment level

A

the distance from the CEJ to the JE

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9
Q

What are the three characteristics common to all gingival diseases

A

clinical signs and symptoms associated with stable attachment levels on a periodontium with no loss of attachment
reversiblility of the disease by removing the etiologies
possible role as a precursor to attachment loss around teeth

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10
Q

What are the five clinical signs on inflammation common to all gingival diseases

A

enlarged gingival contours due to edema or fibrosis
color transition to a red and/or bluish-red hue
elevated sulcular temperature
bleeding upon stimulation
increased gingival exudate

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11
Q

Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors associated with what three things

A

the endocrine system
blood dyscrasias
medications
nutrition

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12
Q

What are some endocrinotropic gingival diseases

A

puberty-assocaited
menstrual cycle-associated
pregnancy-associated
diabetes mellitus-associated

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13
Q

What two things are associated with leukemia-associated gingivitis

A

gingival lesions are primarily found in acute leukemia

reductions in dental plaque can limit the severity of a lesion

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14
Q

What are two gingival diseases modified by medications

A

drug influenced gingival enlargements

oral contraceptive associated gingivitis

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15
Q

What three things are involved with gingival disease modified by nutrition, specifically ascorbic acid-deficiency gingivitis

A

malnourished individuals have compromised host defense systems making them susceptible to infectious diseases
the precise role of nutrition in periodontal diseases remains elucidated
human studies have failed to show relationship between periodontal diseases and nutrition

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16
Q

Are males or females more likely to have gingival inflammation (50%;40%)

A

Men

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17
Q

What is the main indicator that changes the diagnosis from gingival diseases to periodontitis-like

A

presence or absence of attachment loss

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18
Q

What are the five clinical manifestations of chronic periodontitis

A 
pocket formation
loss of attachment
bleeding/suppuration
bone loss
tooth mobility and drifting
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19
Q

In which group of people id chronic periodontitis most prevalent

A

adults, but can occur in children and adolescents

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20
Q

Destruction in chronic periodontitis is consistent with what

A

local factors

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21
Q

This is a frequent finding in chronic periodontitis

A

subgingival calculus

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22
Q

Chronic periodontitis has what type of microbial pattern

A

a variable one

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23
Q

What is the progression of chronic periodontitis

A

slow to moderate progression; may have periods of rapid progression

24
Q

Chronic periodontitis can be associated with local predisposing factors and may be modified by and/or associated with what two things

A

systemic diseases

environmental factors such as smoking or stress

25
Q

What two things can chronic periodontitis be classified upon

A

extent and severity

26
Q

What two categories on extent can chronic periodontitis be classified as

A

localized (≤30)

generalized (>30%)

27
Q

What are the three categories of classifying the severity of chronic periodontitis

A

slight (1mm-2mm CAL)
moderate (3mm-4mm CAL)
severe (> 5mm CAL)

28
Q

This was formally known as pre-pubertal, localized/generalized juvenile, early-onset periodontitis and can be identified as localized or generalized

A

aggressive periodontitis

29
Q

What are the three common features of aggressive periodontitis

A

systemically healthy
rapid attachment loss and bone destruction
familial aggregation

30
Q

What are 6 secondary features of aggressive periodontitis

A

generally but may not be universally present
microbial deposits are inconsistent with the amount of periodontal destruction
elevated AA and P. gingivalis
phagocyte abnormalities
hyper-responseive macrophage phenotype
progression may be self-arresting

31
Q

What kind of serum antibody response to infecting agents is there in localized aggressive periodontitis

A

robust

32
Q

What are the restraints of diagnosing LAP

A

inter proximal attachment loss on at least 2 permanent teeth; one of which is a molar
involving no more than 2 teeth other than first molars and incisors

33
Q

What is the type age of those affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis

A

usually patient under 30

34
Q

What kind of serum anti body response to infecting agents is there in generalized aggressive periodontitis

A

poor

35
Q

Generalized aggressive periodontitis has pronounced episodic nature of what

A

destruction of attachment and bone

36
Q

What are the retrains of diagnosing GAP

A

generalized inter proximal attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than first molars and incisors

37
Q

Periodontitis is a manifestation of systemic diseases associated with what two hematologic disorders

A

acquired neutropenia

leukemias

38
Q

What three things are associated with the periodontium involving down syndrome

A

severe inflammation
accelerated attachment loss
PMN chemotaxis and killing defects

39
Q

Typically, genetic disorders involving periodontitis have which symptoms

A

rapid periodontal destruction around primary and permanent teeth

40
Q

This necrotizing periodontal disease is limited to gingival tissues

A

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

41
Q

This necrotizing periodontal disease is a lesion confined to the periodontal tissues

A

necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)

42
Q

What is the prevalence of necrotizing periodontal disease in developing and developed countries

A

very rare in developed countries

relevant in developing countries

43
Q

What are the early clinical signs of necrotizing periodontal disease

A

necrotic lesion of the papilla initially then progressing to gingival margin
punched out appearance
spontaneousbleeding
pain

44
Q

What are the advanced lesion signs on necrotizing periodontal disease

A 
lack of deep pockets
merging of papillary and marginal involvement
crater formation
involvement of PDL and alveolar bone
(NUG --> NUP)
45
Q

in NUPs the involvement of palatal mucosa leads to what

A

necrotizing stomatitis

46
Q

In NUPs there is involvement with these “glands”

A

regional lymph nodes

47
Q

NUP is typically related to what

A

severely compromised immune system (HIV, malnutrition, etc.) and may develop into a life-threatening situation

48
Q

What systemic symptoms are there with NPD

A

fever and malaise

moderate elevation of temperature

49
Q

What becomes of the membranes involving NPDs

A

white membranes of desquamated cells, bacteria, and saliva proteins
membrane can be easily removed

50
Q

These types of abscess of the periodontium have localized acute/inflammation/vital pulp

A

gingival and pericoronal abscesses

51
Q

This type of abscess of the periodontium have localized, acute, or chronic inflammation/vital pulp

A

periodontal

52
Q

This abscess is located in the crown of a partially erupted tooth

A

pericoronal

53
Q

This abscess is located in moderate/deep pockets and may lead to bone destruction

A

periodontal

54
Q

This abscess is located in margins and inter-denal tissues

A

gingival

55
Q

What is the prevalence of chronic periodontal diseases

A 
adult = 20%
seniors = 50%
56
Q

What is the prevalence of aggressive periodontal diseases

A 
localized = 0.2%-2.6%
generalized = 0.13%
57
Q

What are the two general etiological factors distinguishing periodontal diseases

A

plaque induced

non-plaque induced

AU14 Periodontology (29 decks)

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