Exam 1 (Everything) Flashcards
(111 cards)
When a lame forelimb is placed on the ground, how does the dog’s head move?
Head will elevate as painful leg bears weight
Most of the 1) radius 2) tibia 3 femur Can be palpated....... (name where each can be felt best)
1) medially
2) medially
3) laterally
When checking for patella luxation, how do you rotate to get:
1) medial luxation
2) lateral luxation
1) internally rotate during extension
2) externally rotate during extension
Ortlani’s sign is a movement that checks for?
laxity associated with hip dysplasia
2 most common causes of lameness in MATURE dogs with no hx of trauma?
DJD
CCL rupture
Most common juvenile disease found in large, immature breeds with no hx of trauma?
1) in front leg
2) in rear leg
1) OCD of shoulder (or FCP)
2) hip dysplasia
3 blood supply sources for long bones?
1) nutrient artery (85% of diaphyseal blood supply)
2) periosteal vessels (can compensate if intramedullary (nutrient) vessels become compromised
3) metaphyseal vessels (penetrate cortex in metaphyseal region)
Briefly describe the function of:
1) osteocytes
2) osteoblasts
3) osteoclasts
1) maintain osteon
2) formation of bone (produce osteoid)
3) resorption of bone
Which property of bone allows it to sustain a sudden impact (strong when rapidly loaded)
Viscoelasticity
Describe which charge is released with the following forces and which cells are subsequently activated:
1) compression
2) Tension
Which property of bone is this?
1) compression–negative charge released; stimulates osteoblasts
2) releases positive charge; stimulates osteoclasts
Piezoelectric property
The ability for bone to better withstand loads on its long axis than on it’s short axis is which property?
Anisotrophy
A complex fracture with significant tissue injury would be indicative of what type of loading?
Rapid loading (high amount of energy produced)
Where do the following forces act:
1) axial
2) shear
1) act parallel to long axis (tensile, compressive)
2) parallel to surface
Describe the difference btwn Cantilever bending and three point bending.
Cantilever–bone is fixed at one end and load is placed on opposite end (like a lever)
**forces is highest at fixation point
Three point bending equal loads in same direction on each end and an additional load in the middle going opposite direction
What type of fx typically results from:
1) compressive force
2) tensile forces
3) bending forces
4) bending + compressino
5) torsion
1) oblique fx
2) transverse
3) transverse
4) butterfly segment
5) spiral
Name 4 causes of pathologic fractures
neoplasia
disuses osteopenia
osteomyelitis
implant removal
3 basic factors that support bone healing?
blood supply
alignment
stability
For bone healing to occur, interfragmentary strain should be….
<25%
Mechanism by which long bone grows in:
1) width
2) length
1) intramembranous bone formation
2) endochondral bone formation
Primary bone healing requires _____ _____ ______
rigid internal fixation
Name the 5 components of articular cartilage
1) Hyaluronic acid
2) collagen
3) GAGs (keratin sulfate & chondroitin sulfate)
4) chondrocytes
5) water
What are the components of proteoglycan?
1 link protein
2 core proteins
GAGs
How does Ortalni sign differ btwn young and older dogs with hip dysplasia
In younger dogs, the joint has laxity and ortlani sign will be positive
With older dogs, there is DJD present but not laxity (thickened joint capsule); no ortlani sign
More common direction of coxofemoral luxation?
craniodorsal
