Exam 2 Flashcards
(57 cards)
What determines the muscle fiber type
neuron that innervates it
what are the 3 types of muscle fibers? Include their speeds of contraction & relationship to fatigue
Type 1– slow contracting
Type 2a– fast twitch; fatigue resistant
Type 2b–fast twitch; fatigue sensitive
*As you move from type 1 to 2b, mitochondria # decreases, myosin ATPase activity increases
What are muscle’s 5 responses to injury
degeneration necrosis regeneration atrophy hypertrophy
Muscular dystrophy in dogs has what type of inheritance?
X-linked
Most common form of MG in dogs; describe the pathogenesis (briefly)
acquired
Abs form against acetylcholine receptors
Which clostridial diseases cause:
1) tissue damage/necrosis
2) no tissue damage
1) malignant edema, blackleg, gas gangrene
2) botulism, tetanus
Ideal environment for growth of clostridium in wounds? (2 things)
Anaerobic environment
alkaline pH
Blackleg is due to what type of infection with which spp. of clostridium?
latent infection with C. chauvoei
rancid butter odor
How does C. botulinum produce its effects? What type of paralysis does it cause?
prevents release of ACh
*FLACCID paralysis
Most common cause of abscess in:
1) cattle
2) cat-bite wounds
1) T. pyogenes
2) Pasteurella Multocida
Masticatory muscle myositis in dogs is due to immune-mediated destruction of?
2m muscle fibers (masticatory muscles)
Because both these diseases present with muscle atrophy of the masticatory and temporalis muscles in dogs, you must biopsy to differentiate
Masticatory muscle myositis & Polymyositis
Most common location of Rhabdomyosarcoma
trigone region of urinary bladder
The net result of ionophore toxicity that causes the clinical signs?
Ca overload of muscle cells
Which spp. is most sensitive to ionophores? Least?
Horse
Poultry
(pig, dog > sheep. goat > cattle)
White muscle disease is due to deficiency of? What types of lesions would you expect on muscles?
Selenium and/or Vitamin E
lesions are multifocal, multiphasic
With corticosteroid myopathy affects type ___ muscle fibers. We expect CK to be _____ because it causes muscle ______.
2b muscle fibers
expect CK to be normal because it causes atrophy (not necrosis)
How do malignant hyperthermia and exercise-induced collapse differ (2 ways)
1) with EIC muscles are FLACCID; with MH they are rigid
2) EIC animals will spontaneously recover
MH requires immediately cooling therapy
Episodes of muscle weakness, fasiculations, and excessive sweating triggered by stress in horses is indicative of what disease? What type of inheritance does it show?
HYPP
Autosomal dominant (Impressive bloodline)
Which disease is associated with gradual progressive atrophy of the hindlimbs and tail and occurs primarily in draft horses
Shivers
Collagen & ground substance give bone its _____ while minerals give bone its ______
strength; hardness
Difference btwn bone modeling and bone remodeling
modeling–formation and resorption NOT coupled (young, growing animals)
Bone remodeling= formation and resorption coupled
Rickets and osteomalacia is most often cause by?
Deficiency of PO4 or vitamin D
What dictates where an amputation is done?
the tumor
