EXAM 1 FISHERIES

Question 1

North American Model of Wildlife Conservation (7 Focal Points)

Answer 1

1842 Martin V Waddle, Common Law Foundation
1. Wildlife as public trust resources
2. Elimination of markets for game
3. Allocation of wildlife by law
4. Wildlife should only be killed for a legitimate purpose
5. Wildlife is considered an international resource
6. Science is the proper tool for discharge of wildlife policy
7. democracy of hunting

Question 2

Common Fisheries Policy

Answer 2

a set of rules for the sustainable management of European fishing and conservation of the fish stocks

Question 3

What is the Dingell-Johnson Act?

Answer 3

a small tax is added on to any hunting for fishing equipment, the money is used to support state fish and wildlife agencies

Question 4

Optimum sustainable yield

Answer 4

a management philosophy that considers ecological and socioeconomic factors when harvesting game

Question 5

Maximum sustainable yield

Answer 5

the estimate of how many animals you can harvest in a given year with out negatively effecting the future population

Question 6

Magnunson-Stevens Act (1976)

Answer 6

primary law governing marines fisheries. prevents overfishing, rebuilds overfished stocks, increases long term economic and social benefits, ensures a safe and sustainable supply of seafood

Question 7

Wallop-Breaux Act

Answer 7

added tax on fuel

Question 8

Modern fisheries management regulations

Answer 8

harvest regulations, licenses, stocking, ecological management

Question 9

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 9

everyone had a right to the resources, so they took more than what the needed. Settlers depleted the natural resources quickly which hurt them in the long run

Question 10

What is a representative sample?

Answer 10

samples of a population that represent the population as a whole

Question 11

Why do we sample populations?

Answer 11

We sample populations to understand and make informed decisions about fish and wildlife populations. Sampling can tell us the organisms abundance, demographic, behavior, diet, genetics, and health.

Question 12

Concept of gear selectivity

Answer 12

different gears have different selectivity which results in different bias, many sample devices require a permit, some techniques are lethal, sampling stresses organisms and can alter behavior

Question 13

What is bias in our data

Answer 13

Bias- difference or distance between an estimate value and the true parameter
depending on the type of gear used there may be biases of the sample found

Question 14

Passive sampling methods

Answer 14

a sampling device that remains relatively stationary, movement or behavior of the organisms result in capture

Question 15

Active sampling methods

Answer 15

humans or mechanical action moves gear to capture organisms

Question 16

What are gill nets?

Answer 16

a passive sampling method. a single panel of mesh, often made of multiple meshes to capture a rand of organisms, sighs wedge or tangle in mesh, often lethal

Question 17

What is a trammel net?

Answer 17

a passive sampling method. typically constructed of 3 mesh panels. the outer two panes have large mesh and the middle panel is small mesh

Question 18

What are seines

Answer 18

an active sampling method. they have a flat line and lead line and then ends are attached to poles so they net can be pulled

Question 19

What is a Trawl?

Answer 19

an active sampling method. they are pulled through water by a boat, most of the net is held open by beams or boards that “swim” infant of the trawl, organisms end up in the back of the net

Question 20

What is electrofishing?

Answer 20

an active sampling method. an electrical current is used to immobilize fish so they can be netted, can be used with a boat, backpack, or tow barge