EXAM 2 FISHERIES

Question 1

What are the dynamic rate functions

Answer 1

1. recruitment
2. growth
3. mortality

Question 2

What is recruitment

Answer 2

the addition of new organisms to a population
environmental conditions strong influence recruitment

Question 3

What is growth

Answer 3

the addition of biomass to an indivi

Question 4

What is growth

Answer 4

the addition of biomass to an individual or population , accumulation of biomass increases body size with age

Question 5

What is mortality

Answer 5

natural causes or harvest death

Question 6

additive vs compensatory mortality

Answer 6

additive- total mortality increases with increases in harvest mortality
compensatory- natural mortality changes in response to harvest mortality such that total mortality stays the same

Question 7

definition of standing crop

Answer 7

number of biomass present at a specific time

Question 8

definition of production

Answer 8

biomass accumulated during a specific time interval

Question 9

definition of surplus production

Answer 9

the portion which can be removed without adverse effects

Question 10

definition of yield

Answer 10

biomass or numbers harvested

Question 11

What are some of the applications in genetics

Answer 11

1. management and conservation: population structure, parentage, sex termination, individual identification, propagation, tagging
2. forensics : sale of illegal products

Question 12

What is an allele and what are the two types

Answer 12

allele- alternative forms of a gene that occupy a specific locus
dominant allele- suppresses phenotypic expression of a recessive allele at the same locus
restive allele - is only expresses in homozygous individuals

Question 13

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype

Answer 13

genotype- the entire set of genes carried by an organism
phenotype- physical expression of traits produced by the genotype and environment

Question 14

Why is genetic diversity important

Answer 14

more potential for adaptation

Question 15

what is phenotypic plasticity

Answer 15

the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to the environment

Question 16

Stock VS Species

Answer 16

stock/strain- a population or group of populations within a species that have a common ancestor and are adapted to similar environments
species- a naturally occurring group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce viable offspring

Question 17

What are the two modes of speciation, and which is more common

Answer 17

1. allopatric- a population of species are separated by a boarder (mountain range, river) is most common
2. sympatric- population of a species live next to each other but segregate for breeding

Question 18

What is the definition of evolution

Answer 18

temporal change allele frequencies due to differential survival of offspring

Question 19

What is natural selection

Answer 19

results in conformity between organisms and their environment (adaptation)

Question 20

How is natural selection compared to artificial selection

Answer 20

artificial selection is selective breeding to produce human selected traits in offspring