EXAM 2 WILDLIFE

Question 1

Definition of Disease

Answer 1

any alteration in the “normal: condition of an organism

Question 2

Definition of enzootic

Answer 2

disease that occurs at a regular rate in an area

Question 3

definition of epizootic

Answer 3

disease that occurs at a time or place that is to expected or at a higher rate

Question 4

definition on zoonoses

Answer 4

a disease that can transfer between humans and animals

Question 5

Definition of infectious diseases

Answer 5

diseases that replicate inside the host

Question 6

what are sublethal effects

Answer 6

behavioral changes, reproductive failure, indirect mortality

Question 7

how do diseases affect reproduction

Answer 7

diseases can cause abortions like brucellosis

Question 8

what is a vector

Answer 8

an invertebrate that transfers pathogens from 1 host to another

Question 9

what are reservoirs

Answer 9

a store of pathogens in the population

Question 10

types of management actions towards diseases

Answer 10

1. always present but seldom a problem
2. may reflect stress and overcrowding
3. lack of good monitoring system, prevention of stress and injury
4. administer vaccines
5. interrupt life cycles of pathogens and vectors

Question 11

who owns the forests in the US

Answer 11

63% private
28% federal
9% state/county

Question 12

What does early succession stages provide for wildlife

Answer 12

abundant ground cover
open spaces
bare ground
abundant seeds and insects

Question 13

what does the brush stage of succession provide for wildlife

Answer 13

young trees and shrubs
nesting, roosting, and loafing cover
seeds, fruits, insects

Question 14

what does the mature stage of succession provide for wildlife

Answer 14

canopy may be closed
mast, foliage, browse, insects–food
trees with cavities
provide seasonal cover

Question 15

what does the intermediate stages of succession provide for wildlife

Answer 15

canopy closed
sparse understory
trees too small for cavity
little mast
very limited food and cover when compared to other stages

Question 16

How does the difference in grazing, continuous grazing, and rest rotation grazing affect wildlife

Answer 16

grazing: increase in small mammals, plant species diversity increases
deferred gazing/rotational” allowing the forages an adequate rest period for plant recovery and regrowth
continue grazing: over grazed area

Question 17

how do fences influence wildlife

Answer 17

control live stock, limit wildlife traveling

Question 18

What are riparian zones

Answer 18

the interface of land and water
riparian zones have a diverse amount of plants, and there is easy access of water to wildlife

Question 19

why are riparian zones important

Answer 19

1. terrestrial and aquatic components: presence of permanent or ephemeral water, water flowing through channels, the presence of plants that require water
2. important for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife: unique soil and vegetation, limited across rangeland
3. impacted by grazing: concentrated livestock eat plants, compaction of soil, trample plants, fence riparian zones