Exam 1 - Gram +/- Chart

Question 1

what is the clinically important group for gram +

Answer 1

cocci

Question 2

what are the 2 umbrellas under gram + cocci and bacilli

Answer 2

anaerobic and aerobic

Question 3

what are gram + anaerobic cocci

Answer 3

peptococcus
peptostreptococcus

Question 4

what are the two main groups for gram + aerobic cocci

Answer 4

clusters and pairs/chains

Question 5

how do you determine a cluster or a pair

Answer 5

Catalase test

Question 6

what are gram + aerobic cocci clusters that are coagulase +

Answer 6

staphylococcus aureus

Question 7

what are gram + aerobic cocci clusters that are coagulase -

Answer 7

staphylococcus epidermis (all other staphs)

Question 8

how to differentiate pairs/chains

Answer 8

hemolytic test

Question 9

what are alpha hemolysis

Answer 9

partial hemolysis
streptococcus pneumonia
viridans streptococci

Question 10

what are beta hemolytics

Answer 10

full hemolysis
streptococcus pyogenese (group A)
streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Question 11

what are gamma hemolytics

Answer 11

no hemolysis
enterococcus faecium
enterococcus faecalis

Question 12

how to differentiate gram + anaerobic bacilli

Answer 12

spore formation

Question 13

what are gram + bacilli anaerobic spore forming bacteria

Answer 13

Clostridium spp.
Clostridioides difficile

Question 14

what are gram + bacilli anaerobic non-spore forming bacteria

Answer 14

Cutibacterium
Actinomyces

Question 15

how to differentiate gram + bacilli aerobic

Answer 15

spore formation

Question 16

what are gram + bacilli aerobic spore forming

Answer 16

bacillus spp.

Question 17

what are gram +, bacilli, aerobic, non-spore forming?

Answer 17

corynebacterium
Lactobacillus spp.
Listeria monocytogenese

Question 18

what is clinically important in gram -

Answer 18

bacilli

Question 19

what are the gram -, aerobic, cocci

Answer 19

Neisseria spp.
Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 20

what are the gram -, aerobic, coccobacilli

Answer 20

Haemophilus spp.

Question 21

what are gram -, anaerobic, bacilli

Answer 21

bacteroides spp. fusobacterium spp.
prevotella spp.

Question 22

what is enterobacterales

Answer 22

“gut bug”

Question 23

what is the main differentiator for enterobacterales

Answer 23

lactose fermenter + or -

Question 24

what are the gram -, aerobic bacilli, enterobacteria, w/ lacose fermenters

Answer 24

citrobacter spp.
enterobacter spp.
E. coli
kiebsiella spp.
(CEEK)

Question 25

what are the gram -, aerobic bacilli, enterobacterales, that are non-lactose fermenters

Answer 25

morganella marganii proteus spp. providencia spp. salmonella spp. serratia marcescens shigella spp.

Question 26

what are the gram -, aerobic bacilli, lactose-fermenters (oxidase positive)

Answer 26

aeromonas hydrophilia pasteurella mutocida vibrio cholera

Question 27

what are the gram -, aerobic bacilli, non-lactose fermenters

Answer 27

pseudomonas spp. acinetobacter spp. alcaligenes spp. burkholderia cepacia stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 28

what are the gram -, aerobic, fastidious

Answer 28

campylobacter helicobacter bartonella HACEK organisms

Question 29

what are HACEK organisms

Answer 29

haemophilus actinobacillus cardiobacterium eikenella kingella

Question 30

what are atypicals

Answer 30

chlamydia pneumoniae chlamydia trachomatis legionella pneumophila mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 31

what are the spirochetes

Answer 31

treponema pallidum (syphilis) borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)