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Neuroscience for Communication Disorders > Exam 1 - Intro To Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Intro To Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical planes

A

CHMST

coronal
Horizontal
Median
Sagittal
Transverse
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2
Q

Coronal plane

A

Separates front from back

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3
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Separates upper and lower

Perpendicular to coronal and median planes

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4
Q

Median plane

A

Separates right and left

Could also have mid-sagittal

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Parallels median plane

Left vs right

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6
Q

Transverse plane

A

Right angle to median plane

Cross-sectional

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7
Q

Anatomical directions

A 
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
Dorsal
Ventral 
Proximal
Distal
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
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8
Q

Anterior and posterior

A

Front

Back

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9
Q

Superior and inferior

A

Upper (also called cranial, cephalic, rostral)

Lower

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10
Q

Medial and lateral

A

Toward midline

More distant from midline

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11
Q

Dorsal and ventral

A

Toward the back

Toward the front/belly

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12
Q

Proximal and distal

A

Close to reference point

Away from reference point

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13
Q

Ipsilateral and contralateral

A

Same side as reference point

Opposite side of reference point

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14
Q

Telencephalon

A

Top level of encephalonic structures

Cortex and subcortical structures, basal ganglia structures

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15
Q

Diencephalon

A

Second level

Thalamus and thalamic structures

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16
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Third level

Midbrain

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17
Q

Metencephalon

A

Fourth level

Pons

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18
Q

Mylencephalon

A

5th level

Medulla

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19
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Pons, medulla, and cerebellum

Encephalonic structures noticeable @ 4 weeks gestation

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20
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Anterior most

Movement planning, executive functioning, & motor skills

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21
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Medial most

Somatosensory/musculoskeletal and touch sensations

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22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Posterior most

Vision

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23
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Inferior most

Hearing

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24
Q

Longitudinal fissure/sulcus

A

Median fissure

Divides right and left hemispheres

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25
Lateral sulcus
Fissure of sylvius Separates temporal from frontal and part of parietal
26
Central sulcus
Fissure of rolando From longitudinal sulcus towards temporal lobe Separates frontal & parietal lobes
27
Calcarine sulcus
Deep medial surface of occipital lobe Primary visual cortex
28
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Deep medial Separates parietal and occipital lobes
29
Transverse sulcus
Separates cerebellum and posterior brain stem structures
30
Precentral gyrus
Before central sulcus Motor strip within frontal lobe
31
Postcentral gyrus
After central sulcus Sensory strip within parietal lobe
32
Surpamarginal gyrus
Wraps on top of lateral sulcus and slightly above and in front of angular gyrus Upside down "U" shape Grammatical & syntactic area
33
Angular gyrus
Behind lateral sulcus and supramarginal gyrus In parietal lobe
34
Heschl's gyrus
Below lateral sulcus in temporal lobe Primary auditory cortex
35
Corpus collosum
Deep within longitudinal sulcus White matter connecting left and right hemispheres of cortex
36
Arcuate fasciculus
White matter connecting posterior cerebral lobes to anterior cerebral lobes In left hemisphere Connects sensory to motor lobes for speech & language
37
Basal ganglia
Deep subcortical structures Part of telencephalon, in line with diencephalon Caudate nucleus, putamen, & globus pallidus Motor functions, muscle tone, & cognitive functions
38
Thalamic structures (diencephalon)
Medial to basal ganglia Sends sensory info to regions of posterior brain (temporal, parietal, & occipital lobes)
39
Cerebellum
Little brain below occipital lobe and attached to posterior of pons Sends feedback info to cortex
40
Brain stem structures
Mesencephalon (mid brain) Metencephalon (pons) Mylencephalon (medulla)
41
Spinal cord divisions
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal
42
Gray matter configuration (spine)
H-shape or butterfly shape Ventral horns - motor nerves Dorsal horns - sensory nerves
43
Dura mater
Hard mother Outermost membrane that is thick, fiberlike, and tough. Has sensory receptors
44
Arachnoid membrane
Below dura mater Weblike matting with spaces for CSF to flow to brain & spinal cord
45
Pia mater
Soft mother Thinnest membrane that is closest to brain Conforms most closely to central nervous system
46
Lateral ventricles
One in each cerebral hemisphere Each has 3 horns to supply CSF to brain lobes
47
Third ventricle
Diencephalonic structures Narrow duct at diencephalon level
48
Fourth ventricle
Located in front of cerebellum and behind pons Nourishes brain stem and spinal cord
49
Cerebrospinal fluid
Produced in choroid plexus (specialized cells) of ventricles Circulated and reabsorbed by brain and spinal cord Supplies nutrients to brain
50
Arteries off aortic arch and subclavian arches
Two vetebral Two carotid - only one feeds the brain (internal)
51
Vertebral arteries
Off of subclavian arches Supplies basilar artery and posterior cerebral artery
52
Basilar artery
Supplies spinal cord, brain stem, and diencephalon Sometimes considered part of circle of Willis
53
Posterior cerebral artery
Feeds inferiormost parts of temporal and occipital lobes
54
Internal carotid artery
Goes directly into cortices Feeds anterior and middle cerebral arteries
55
Anterior cerebral artery
Feeds superior and medial surfaces of cerebrum Initial portions are part of circle of Willis
56
Middle cerebral artery
Feeds lateral surface of cerebrum (frontal and parietal) and superiormost parts of temporal and occipital lobes Initial portions part of circle of Willis
57
Circle of Willis
Allows overflow of blood when system below circle is down; protection ``` Posterior communicating artery Initial part of posterior cerebral artery Initial part of middle cerebral artery Internal carotid artery Initial part of anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery ``` Sometimes basilar artery
58
Posterior communicating artery
Connects posterior cerebral artery to internal carotid
59
Anterior communicating artery
Connects left and right anterior cerebral arteries
60
Vertical neuraxis
``` Cortices (tel) Basal ganglia - caudate, putamen, then globus pallidus (tel) Thalamic structures (diencephalon) Midbrain (mes) Pons (met) & cerebellum Medulla (myl) Spinal cord ``` (Descending order)
61
Corpus collosum
Deep within longitudinal sulcus White matter connecting left and right hemispheres of cortex
62
Arcuate fasciculus
White matter connecting posterior cerebral lobes to anterior cerebral lobes In left hemisphere Connects sensory to motor lobes for speech & language
63
Basal ganglia
Deep subcortical structures Part of telencephalon, in line with diencephalon Caudate nucleus, putamen, & globus pallidus Motor functions, muscle tone, & cognitive functions
64
Thalamic structures (diencephalon)
Medial to basal ganglia Sends sensory info to regions of posterior brain (temporal, parietal, & occipital lobes)
65
Cerebellum
Little brain below occipital lobe and attached to posterior of pons Sends feedback info to cortex
66
Brain stem structures
Mesencephalon (mid brain) Metencephalon (pons) Mylencephalon (medulla)
67
Spinal cord divisions
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal
68
Gray matter configuration (spine)
H-shape or butterfly shape Ventral horns - motor nerves Dorsal horns - sensory nerves
69
Dura mater
Hard mother Outermost membrane that is thick, fiberlike, and tough. Has sensory receptors
70
Arachnoid membrane
Below dura mater Weblike matting with spaces for CSF to flow to brain & spinal cord
71
Pia mater
Soft mother Thinnest membrane that is closest to brain Conforms most closely to central nervous system
72
Lateral ventricles
One in each cerebral hemisphere Each has 3 horns to supply CSF to brain lobes
73
Third ventricle
Diencephalonic structures Narrow duct at diencephalon level
74
Fourth ventricle
Located in front of cerebellum and behind pons Nourishes brain stem and spinal cord
75
Cerebrospinal fluid
Produced in choroid plexus (specialized cells) of ventricles Circulated & reabsorbed by brain & spinal cord Supplies nutrients to brain

Neuroscience for Communication Disorders (10 decks)

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