Exam 1 Part 11 (Jeopardy Game)

Question 1

What is the formula for wavelength?

Answer 1

(constant of speech of sound) / (frequency)

Question 2

What is the formula for frequency?

Answer 2

(number of cycles) / (1 second)

Question 3

This is the type of wave when air molecules vibrate and move away from then back toward the source again.

Answer 3

Longitudinal wave

Question 4

A sound source set into vibration with an irregular oscillation pattern will have this type of waveform.

Answer 4

Aperiodic

Question 5

A fork that vibrates with frequency of 50Hz has a period of this duration.

Answer 5

.02 seconds, 200 milliseconds

Question 6

This is the landmark in a spectrogram that indicates voicing?

Answer 6

Low energy frication (i.e., between 0-200Hz)

Question 7

This is what happens to the glottis when producing aspiration.

Answer 7

Glottis opens and the vocal folds spread apart but constricted slightly creating turbulent airflow

Question 8

In terms of the spectrogram representation, what are two characteristic of an event that would indicate it to be a vowel

Answer 8

High amplitude, low frequency

Question 9

The spectrogram, spectrum, waveform and speech recording of the speech signal can be evaluated based upon these five characteristics.

Answer 9

Resemblance, elucidation, amplification, arbitrary augmentation and reduction/loss

Question 10

The first and second formants are relatively far apart from one another for this peripheral vowel.

Answer 10

[i]

Question 11

This is the type of resonator produced by the human vocal apparatus

Answer 11

Quarter resonator

Question 12

The first harmonic and the sound source have this in common.

Answer 12

Fundamental frequency

Question 13

These interactions can take place regarding an incident wave (4)

Answer 13

Reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption

Question 14

The type of vibration that occurs when one tuning fork sets another one into vibration.

Answer 14

Forced vibration

Question 15

This is another name for a standard reference sound.

Answer 15

Threshold of hearing

Question 16

This is the reason odd multiples of the lowest resonating frequency are not formants in the speech signal of a quarter-resonator.

Answer 16

Destructive/ cancel out

Question 17

The spectrum, as a representation of the source-filter, displays the speech signal in a single point in time, as well as, these two other values.

Answer 17

Frequency (x-axis), amplitude (y-axis)

Question 18

The vowel system as we know it is, not based on articulatory parameters (as first though), but instead on these two acoustic values.

Answer 18

F1 and F2

Question 19

What is the points of maximum pressure called in a tube that is open on one side only.

Answer 19

Node

Question 20

In terms of the source-filter theory and the tube model, nasals differ from other sound classes (e.g.,vowels, glides, fricatives and oral stops) for what anatomical reason(s)?

Answer 20

Longer and wider tube

Question 21

What two aerodynamic forces cause vocal folds to be set into vibration?

Answer 21

Subglottal pressure below vocal folds, negative pressure between folds

Question 22

This is the effect that results in the vocal folds being drawn back together during the process of phonation.

Answer 22

Bernoulli effect

Question 23

What is the representation that examines frequency and intensity at a single timepoint of a sound signal?

Answer 23

Spectrum

Question 24

“During speech, which muscles are minimally active during both phases of respiration for speech?”

Answer 24

Expiratory and inspiratory

Question 25

Which of the following representations are best used for examining the harmonics of a periodic wave?

Answer 25

Spectrum

Question 26

True or false: "Phonation of the sound source is only ever possible during voiced speech sounds (e.g., voiced consonants and vowels)."

Answer 26

True

Question 27

"When examining the spectrum of a source-filter's speech signal (i.e., output), what important aspect(s) of the signal can one identify?"

Answer 27

Formants, harmonics, fundamental frequency