Exam 1 Part 9

Question 1

[u] has a ____ F2, _____ F1

Answer 1

Low, low

Question 2

[a] has a _____ F2, _____ F1

Answer 2

Low, high

Question 3

[æ] has a ____ F2, _____ F1

Answer 3

High, high

Question 4

Glottal pulses in females have ____ glottal pulses than males

Answer 4

Faster

Question 5

Do males, females, or children have the fastest glottal pulses?

Answer 5

Children

Question 6

As you decrease the vocal tract, what happens to the vowel spaces?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

As you increase the vocal tract, what happens to the vowel spaces?

Answer 7

Decreases

Question 8

What resonators have even and odd formants?

Answer 8

Half resonators

Question 9

What resonators have odd formants?

Answer 9

Quarter resonators; even multiples are cancelled out

Question 10

What is the neutral position of the vocal tract when we produce schwa?

Answer 10

Vocal tract is like a tube closed at one end

Question 11

First vowel in “again” and “about”

Answer 11

Schwa

Question 12

What is the vocal tract like when you produce [a]?

Answer 12

Tongue shifts back, jaw slightly goes down, oral space is constricted in the back; oral cavity is larger than the pharyngeal area, large sub-tube in the back

Question 13

What is the vocal tract like when you produce [i]?

Answer 13

Articulators move closer together, creates a smaller sub-tube in the front

Question 14

What is the vocal tract like when you produce [u]?

Answer 14

4 sub-tubes

Question 15

Small sub-tubes between two big sub-tubes

Answer 15

Helmholtz resonator

Question 16

Finding formants for each sub-tube and finding the lowest 3 formants of the entire system

Answer 16

Acoustic coupling

Question 17

How can we tell a vowel from PRAAT?

Answer 17

Area of high intensity and has clear/strong formants

Question 18

What is the difference between a narrowband and a broadband spectrogram?

Answer 18

Broadband will be able to see glottal pulses, a narrowband is able to see harmonics

Question 19

Narrowband that are horizontal on a spectrogram

Answer 19

Harmonics

Question 20

What is the difference between a monophthong and a diphthong on a spectrogram?

Answer 20

F1 and F2 change shape while F1 and F2 for monophthong are constant

Question 21

One way to understand the acoustic of sounds is to be studied as a system of ___

Answer 21

Tubes

Question 22

A second way to study the acoustics of sound is by considering them all to be a single tube with ______

Answer 22

Constrictions

Question 23

Theory that considers a single uniform tube with constrictions; where on a tube is there a point of constriction

Answer 23

Perturbation theory

Question 24

What is the difference between the tube theory and perturbation theory?

Answer 24

Perturbation: how the particles in the medium are being displaced, doesn’t talk about resonance

Question 25

Displacement and pressure are __ degrees out of phase with each other

Answer 25

90

Question 26

What is pressure like in a tube closed at one side?

Answer 26

Max at closed end, min at the open end

Question 27

What is displacement like in a tube closed at one side?

Answer 27

Max at open end, min at closed end

Question 28

The velocity wave is identical to the ____ wave

Answer 28

Displacement

Question 29

What is velocity like in a tube closed at one side?

Answer 29

Max at open end, min at closed end

Question 30

Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum velocity lowers the formant frequency

Answer 30

Perturbation theory