Study of language by examining the inventory and structure of sounds of human speech
Phonetics
Examines the physiological and acoustic properties and mechanisms behind how these sounds are produced and perceived by humans
Speech science
Studies the physiological mechanisms of speech production
Articulatory phonetics
Studies the physical properties of the sound waves during speech
Acoustic phonetics
Studies the physiological mechanisms and physical properties of sound waves associated with speech perception
Auditory or perceptual phonetics
What type of phonetics is the core of speech science?
Acoustic phonetics
What are the 3 parts of the speech chain model?
Medium, Speaker, Listener
What the sound waves travel through
Medium
Creates the vibration
Speaker
Person who picks up the vibration
Listener
Being able to produce and picking up your own speech
Feedback loop
Why is the feedback loop important?
Able to correct yourself/self-modulation, monitor rate of speech, etc
What can happen to you if the feedback loop is disrupted
Could be bad for hearing, problematic for production of speech
What are the 5 representations of speech?
Resemblance, elucidation, amplification, arbitrary augmentation, reduction and loss
What do linguistics use since they do not have access to the actual speech event?
Representations of an observed event
What are ways that we represent speech?
Waveform, spectrogram, contact patterns, cineradiography, sagittal diagram, transcriptions
Enable us to associate words or phrases with meaning
Semantics
Enable us to have common expectations of word order
Syntax
Internal or mental representation of an experience
Thought
What are some ways that we represent our thoughts?
Images, actions, language, muscle imagery
Proposes the way human beings think about their world is determined by language; language determines thinking
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Accounts for contrasts in meaning caused by differences between meaningful sequences of sounds (cats vs. cat, vs cut) and intonation (Yes! vs Yes?)
Morphological rules
Account for the occurrence of particular sounds in the stream of speech
Phonological rules
Smallest linguistic segment that carries meaning
Morpheme
Family of sounds that functions in a language to signal a difference in meaning
Phoneme
Variants of the phoneme
Allophone
Any actual sound discussed without relation to its phonemic affiliation
Phone
True or false: “The notion that the way human beings think about their world is determined, in part, by the particular language that they speak is referred to as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.”
True
True or false: “According to Noam Chomsky, the founder of modern linguistic theory, linguistic compentence refers to a speaker’s use of language while linguistic performance refers to a speaker’s knowledge of language.”
False
How the knowledge of a language is used in expressive behavior such as speech or writing
Linguistic performance
What one knows unconsciously about one’s own language; ability to understand and produce the language
Linguistic competence