Exam 1: phonology

Question 1

What is cross adoption acquisition and what are the stages?

Answer 1

Attrition L1 while learning L2
3-6 months: lose first language
8-10 months: learn new sound system
after 2 years: equal skills to monolingual children

Question 2

what is successive language acquisition and what are the stages?

Answer 2

1 language at home and 1 with peers usually in school
Child uses L1 in L2 environment
non-verbal stage: working to comprehend
speaking: single words, short phrases, high frequency statements
3-5 years: English used creatively in conversation and academics

Question 3

What is simultaneous language acquisition and what are the stages?

Answer 3

2 languages prior to age of 3
2 separate lexical systems: no overlap
2 lexical systems with same syntactic rules
lexical system and syntactic rules from each

Question 4

Differences between reduplicated, variegated, and marginal babbling

Answer 4

reduplicated (6-7 mo): repetition of consonant-vowel syllables
Variegated (7-10 mo): shows changes is CV1CV2
Marginal (5 mo): slow alteration between vowels and consonant

Question 5

individuals knowledge of their language system

Answer 5

linguistic knowledge

Question 6

share characteristics of both vowel and consonant

Answer 6

features

Question 7

study of the articulation and perception of phonemes

Answer 7

phonetics

Question 8

small puff of air produced with stops

Answer 8

aspiration

Question 9

study of word formation

Answer 9

morphology

Question 10

study of the mental processes and representations of language

Answer 10

psycholingusitcs

Question 11

spoken segments

Answer 11

allophone

Question 12

core of a syllable

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

properties sounds including pitch length and stress

Answer 13

suprasegmentals

Question 14

less sonorant segment after nucleus

Answer 14

coda

Question 15

study of sentence formation

Answer 15

syntax

Question 16

components shared by all languages

Answer 16

universality

Question 17

pitch used to signal a difference in meaning

Answer 17

tone

Question 18

pitch movement not related to word meaning

Answer 18

intonation

Question 19

sounds made with narrow or complete obstruction in vocal tract

Answer 19

consonants

Question 20

one or more segments combined, must include vowel

Answer 20

syllables

Question 21

individuals use of speech/languages

Answer 21

linguistic performance

Question 22

an individual speech sound

Answer 22

segment

Question 23

segments varying by a single articulatory feature

Answer 23

minimal pair

Question 24

study of the patterning and organization of segments

Answer 24

phonology

Question 25

specifics to a given language

Answer 25

particulars

Question 26

a single aspect of articulation

Answer 26

feature

Question 27

descriptive study of nature and use of language

Answer 27

linguistics

Question 28

representation of a segment in the mind

Answer 28

phoneme

Question 29

type of sound made with little to no obstruction in vocal tract

Answer 29

vowel

Question 30

less sonorant segment before the nucleus

Answer 30

onset

Question 31

nucles+optional coda

Answer 31

rhyme

Question 32

vocables

Answer 32

phonetically consistent forms

Question 33

words varying by only a single segment with different meanings

Answer 33

minimal pairs

Question 34

phonotactics

Answer 34

set of rules regarding segment arrangement

Question 35

preference for vowels

Answer 35

1 month

Question 36

recognition and imitation of intonation

Answer 36

birth to 6 months

Question 37

phoneme level of phonological awareness

Answer 37

6-7 months

Question 38

discrimination of phonemes

Answer 38

8-10 mos

Question 39

comparison of sounds to model; native lang specific

Answer 39

6 mo

Question 40

syllable level phonological awareness

Answer 40

4-5 yrs

Question 41

discrimination of sequences of phonemes

Answer 41

6-7 years

Question 42

Sequence the following expressive phonological skills 1-8 gooing, cooing , glides, nasals marginal babbling first words, monosyllabic vowels and trills, minimal fricatives variegated babbling, mix stress/unstressed stops reduplicated babbling, vocables nasal vowels loss devoicing of final consonants

Answer 42

1. gooing, cooing , glides, nasals 2. vowels and trills, minimal fricatives 3. marginal babbling 4. reduplicated babbling, vocables 5. nasal vowels 6. variegated babbling, mix stress/unstressed stops 7. first words, monosyllabic 8. loss devoicing of final consonants