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Psycholinguistics > Syntax > Flashcards

Syntax Flashcards

1
Q

Grammar

A

represents a speakers linguistic knowledge of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics

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1
Q

knowing a language means…

A

putting together words to form phrases and sentences to express thoughts

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2
Q

phrases and sentences

A

strings of morphemes arranged in a specific order to express meaning

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3
Q

rules of grammar

A

tell what order of word combinations or strings can be arranged

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4
Q

grammatical sentence/s

A

strings of morphemes conforming to the syntactic rules of a language

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5
Q

ungrammatical

A

do not conform

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6
Q

what do we use to make grammatical judgements

A

intuitive syntactic knowledge

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7
Q

correct grammar does not

A

imply meaningfulness or truth
depend on discussion of “reality” or whether something is possible

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8
Q

syntax

A

analysis of phrase and sentence structure

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9
Q

definition of sytnax

A

study of system of rules and categories that underlies sentence formation

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10
Q

lexical

A

words that have meaning and can be inflected
nouns verbs adjectives adverbs and prepositions

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11
Q

non lexical

A

words that are harder to define
words with grammatical function
determiners, auxiliary verbs, degree words

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12
Q

traditional methods of sentence analysis

A

subject, verb, object
subject, predicate

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13
Q

logical subjects

A

doer of action

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14
Q

structural subjects

A

first NP under S node

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15
Q

logical objects

A

receiver of the action

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16
Q

structural objects

A

direct object
first NP under the VP node

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17
Q

diversity

A

order of SVO

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18
Q

fundamental commonalities
all languages have:

A

Verbs
Noun phrases that function as subjects and objects
rules that linearize

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19
Q

SVO

A

English and french

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20
Q

VSO

A

hebrew
classical gaelic

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21
Q

SOV

A

Japanese
eskimo

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22
Q

OVS

A

Brazil
colombia
venezuela

23
Q

OSV

A

Guatemala
Mexico
Coeur d’ Alene in Idaho

24
Q

Phrases

A

unit of sentence structure between a word and sentence

25
Q

3 components of phrase

A

head
specifiers
complements

26
Q

head

A

core of phrase (lexical)
n, adj, v, p

27
Q

specifiers

A

make meaning more precise (non lexical, adverbs)
determiner
adverbs
degree

28
Q

determiners

A

specify a noun
the
a
these
that

29
Q

adverbs

A

specify a verb
always
often
never

30
Q

degrees

A

specify adj or p
very, quite, really

31
Q

complements

A

provide more information about items implied by head of phrase

32
Q

noun phrase

A

presidents

33
Q

adjective phrase

A

happy

34
Q

prepositional phrase

A

in the car

35
Q

substitution test

A

the phrase substituted with single expression
pronoun, do so, there

36
Q

movement test

A

the phrase moved to another position in the sentence

37
Q

coordination test

A

the phrase joined to another phrase with “and”

38
Q

I +pst

A

past tense

39
Q

I-pst

A

future or present tense

40
Q

modal auxillary verbs

A

attached to inflection
may might must can could shall should will would

41
Q

non modal auxillaries

A

labeled as verb with hanging inflection
be am are is was were been do did does has have had

42
Q

complement cause

A

sentence contained within a phrase

43
Q

4 most common that indicate CP

A

that if whether because

44
Q

move

A

transform existing sentence into different type of structure

45
Q

3 consequences of Move

A

CP
Trace
levels of representation

46
Q

CP

A

every sentence resulting from move must contain a CP

47
Q

Trace

A

move leaves behind a trace which records that a move occurred and notes where the structure originated

48
Q

levels of representation

A

deep structure
surface structure

49
Q

Yes-no inversion

A

move auxiliary verb
Mary will leave - will Mary leave

50
Q

Wh questions

A

put in deep structure first then tree and move
George should buy what - what should George buy

51
Q

Do insertion and move

A

formation of questions by inserting and moving do, did, does
he wants to eat a hotdog - he does want to eat a hotdog - does he want to eat a hotdog

52
Q

coordination

A

combining structures of same type together with conjunctions such as and, but, or.

53
Q

relative clauses

A

modify preceding noun, begin with wh word and involve wh move
the girl, who lives next door, is going to the mall

54
Q

passives/active

A

the chef prepared the meal
the meal was prepared by the chef

Psycholinguistics (15 decks)

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