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Psycholinguistics > Semantics > Flashcards

Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

semantics

A

study of meaning in human language
refers to concept of utterance

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2
Q

key concepts

A

semantic relations
meaning
concepts
ambiguity
thematic roles
conversation

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3
Q

semantic relations

A

tool for analyzing and evaluating meaning

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4
Q

relations between words

A

synonyms
antonyms
homonyms (polysems)
homophones

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5
Q

homonyms (polysems)

A

same spelling
multiple meanings

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6
Q

homophones

A

same pronunciation
different meaning

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7
Q

relations between sentences

A

paraphrase
entailment
contradiction

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8
Q

entailment

A

truth of one implies truth of other

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9
Q

contradiction

A

truth of one makes second false

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10
Q

identify semantic relation
test: exam

A

synonym

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11
Q

identify semantic relation
Mary sang a solo : the solo was sung by mary

A

paraphrase

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12
Q

identify semantic relation
bug (insect) : bug (microphone)

A

homophone

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13
Q

identify semantic relation
sam is a widower ; sam’s wife is alive

A

contradiction

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14
Q

identify semantic relation
the shark bit a swimmer ; the swimmer is injured

A

entailment

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15
Q

identify semantic relation
parent ; offspring

A

antonym

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16
Q

connotation (intention)

A

set of associations a word evokes
cancer = chemo = tumor

17
Q

denotation (extension)

A

description of word

18
Q

identify connotations and denotations
DESERT

A

c: heat, dry, sand
d: barreness and lack of rain

19
Q

componential analysis

A

breakdown word into smaller semantic units
child = human = young

20
Q

conceptual system

A

how meaning is expressed through language

21
Q

types of concepts

A

fuzzy
graded
metaphor
lexicalization
grammaticization

22
Q

fuzzy

A

differ from person to person
no clear boundaries

23
Q

graded

A

internal structure, graded according to how typical they are within concept.

24
Q

metaphor

A

understanding one concept in terms of another
use like/as

25
Q

lexicalization

A

concepts are encoded into words

26
Q

grammaticization

A

expressed as affixes or non lexical categories

27
Q

ambiguity

A

sentence has more than one meaning

28
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

words w/ multiple meanigns

29
Q

structural ambiguity

A

phrase in sentence with > 1 structure

30
Q

agent/actor

A

who is doing the action

31
Q

theme

A

what is undergoing the action

32
Q

source

A

starting point of action

33
Q

goal

A

ending point of action

34
Q

where

A

location of action

35
Q

thematic assignment

A

noun phrases
determined by verbs and preposition

36
Q

verbs

A

agent role to its subject NP
theme role to complement NP

37
Q

prepositions

A

theme role to complement phrase

Psycholinguistics (15 decks)

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