Exam 1 pt 2 Flashcards by Christina Stafstrom

sample size differences between quantitative and qualtitative

quantitative: large
qualitative: small

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data collection differences between quantitative and qualitative

quantitaive: instruments
qualitative: researcher is the instrument

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type of data between quantitative and qualitative

quantitative: numbers
qualitative: words

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Use of quantitative and qualitative methods together

in the same study to collect data

Methodological Triangulation

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purpose of methodological triangulation should be what

confirmation (use information from one source to corroborate another)

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research is used to test a theory - the effect of a nursing intervention (NIC) (manipulated by the researcher) on outcome(s) (NOC)
Most directly applicable to practice

Quantitative Research (3-4)
At highest levels (II or III) in the hierarchy of evidence

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what does level 4 (quantitative) examine

CARP
correlations, associations, relationships, predicts
Also called Cohort or Correlational

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Level VI qualitative evidence

Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography-

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describe experiences as they are lived without a prior framework or theory to find the essence or meaning

Phenomenology

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develop a theory around a core variable (basic socio-psychological problem or process – BSP); BSPs are labeled using a gerund (“…ing”)

Grounded Theory

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describe a phenomena from the perspective of participants within the cultural context in which it occurs

Ethnography-

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components of a research article

Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results 
Discussion/Conclusion
List of References

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describe the abstract

First section of a research article
Usually limited to 100-150 words
Should contain the purpose, methods, results
May contain background & conclusion

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describe the introduction

Statement of the clinical problem
Review of literature - an unbiased, comprehensive, synthesized description of relevant, previously published studies (extensive in a quantitative study); this can be considered the solution(s) to the clinical problem
Theory or Theoretical framework (quantitative research only)
Gap or inconsistency leading to the significance of the study
Purpose

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describe the methods section

Design 
Sample
Setting
Data collection
*Instrument(s) is(are) named in quantitative studies
Procedure
Protection of human subjects
Data analysis

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describe the results

Descriptive statistics to summarize sample in either qualitative/quantitative or qualitative may not contain any statistics
*Inferential statistics (p values) in quantitative
Themes or categories and quotes in qualitative
Tables & figures
Words in quotes or indented paragraphs in qualitative

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describe the conclusion/discussion

Study findings are compared or contrasted with previous research
Study findings are related to the theory/framework in quantitative
Limitations of the study (self-critique)
Implications for practice
Suggestions for future research

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formal statement describing the problem (from nursing practice) addressed in the study

research problem statement

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A clinical problem of interest is sometimes called the

research topic

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what is the specific problem influenced by

Funding agency priorities
Practical experience
Interaction with peers/colleagues
Review of literature for conflict or gap
Untested theory
Social issues or healthcare trends

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Why are things done this way?
What other info do I need to help solve this problem?
What would happen if. . .

experience related questions

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How do others deal with this issue?

What is already known about the problem?

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literature related questions

Where do you find the clinical problem in a research article?

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Typically in the first sentence(s) or paragraph of the article
It is a very general topic

justification of need

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Knowledge Gap
Conflicting findings
Omission of a group of subjects
Testing an existing theory
Expert opinion

key wording for significance statements

Little is known about... Findings of previous studies are conflicting. Few studies of ____ have been conducted.

the lens through which nurses | view clients”

theory

terms related to theory

Concept Theory; Theoretical/Conceptual Framework/Model Conceptual Map

symbolic representation of an abstract idea single abstract ideas, often expressed in a single word, that represent two or more interrelated ideas words or phrases that convey a unique idea that is relevant to a theory

concept

how to identify concepts in research

Based on relevance to phenomenon of interest Should have a concept for every major variable in the study *Examine problem and purpose statements for concepts

process of describing and naming a previously unrecognized concept

concept synthesis

process of extracting & defining concepts from theories in other disciplines

concept derivation

a strategy through which a set of attributes or characteristics essential to the connotative meaning or conceptual definition of a concept are identified

concept analysis

Sources of Conceptual Definitions

``` Existing theoretical works Published concept analyses Previous studies using the concept Publications describing instrument development General literature Performing a concept analysis ```

Examples of Concept Analysesin the Literature

``` Uncertainty in illness Chronic pain Breast cancer survivorship Collusion in child protection Infant feeding responsiveness Self-management of type 1 diabetes Mutual timing ```

in qualitative research

Concepts (words) are discovered or generated theory generating research (Inductive No theory or framework as the study begins)

in quantitative research

Concepts are tested (hypotheses) or measured (variables/numbers) theory-testing research (Deductive- Should use preexisting theory or framework as a basis or the study)

a set of concepts linked through propositions to explain a phenomenon set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon

theory

examples of nursing theories

Mutual Caregiving Interactive Family Learning Family Resiliency Cultural Competence

– a brief explanation of a theory or portions of a theory to be tested in a study

framework

an explanation based on the literature (& the literature does not contain a particular theory that explains the relationship among variables); how the variables in the study are expected to relate to each other & why

conceptual framework

an explanation based on the literature when variables have been studied before and have been found to be related to one another

theoretical framework

a pictorial representation of concepts & their relationships strategy for expressing a framework of a study that diagrammatically shows the interrelationships of the concepts Typically found in an article in a figure

conceptual map or model

problems with frameworks

Inappropriate framework Disconnected framework Multiple frameworks Unidentified or no framework

what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question | search literature broadly; little to no literature on the topic; explain concept(s)

Level VI

what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question find concepts from level V reviews or level VI studies; develop conceptual framework to guide correlation of two or more variables

level IV

what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question | narrow literature search; test a theory; trace linkages between each aspect of the theory

level II and III

template for intervention question

In__________(P), how does__________(I) compared to _________(C)__________affect __________(O) within __________(T)?

library databases

``` MEDLINE CINAHL Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database PsychINFO ```

which is bigger MedLine or PubMed

PubMed

level 1 evidence

Systematic/Integrative Review or Meta-analysis | EBP Guidelines

boolean operators

and, or, not

and

narrow your search: all of your search terms will present in the retrieved records.

broaden your search by connecting two or more synonyms.

not

exclude term(s) from your search results.

Exam 1 pt 2 Flashcards

(54 cards)