Exam 3 pt 2

Question 1

when critical values fall in the tails of normal distributions
usually 2 standard deviations from the mean

Answer 1

statistically significant

Question 2

when findings did not happen by chance alone

Answer 2

statistically significant

Question 3

adjusting to the risk of making type 1 and type 2 errors

Answer 3

level of significance

Question 4

when the results of the study could have occurred by chance

Answer 4

non significance

Question 5

findings that support the null hypothesis

Answer 5

non significance

Question 6

the probability of making a type 1 error

Answer 6

alpha level

Question 7

typically designated as 0.05 or 0.01 at the end of the tail in a distribution

Answer 7

alpha level

Question 8

what are the implications of alpha level 0.05

Answer 8

when alpha is 0.05, it is likely that 5 out of 100 times the researcher will make a type 1 error and wrongly reject the null hypothesis

Question 9

what are the implications of alpha level 0.01

Answer 9

when alpha is 0.01, researcher will make type 1 error only 1 time out of 100

Question 10

which type of alpha is more common

Answer 10

0.05

Question 11

collection an presentation of data that explain characteristics of variables found in the sample
summarize, describe and synthesize collected data

Answer 11

descriptive statistics

Question 12

analysis of data as the basis for prediction related to the phenomenon of interest

Answer 12

inferential statistics

Question 13

used to make inferences and draw conclusions about a population based on a sample
develop population parameters

Answer 13

inferential statistics

Question 14

inferential statistical tests involving interval or ration level data to make inferences about the population

Answer 14

parametric statistics

Question 15

what are the specific conditions that must be met to be parametric statistics

Answer 15

1) use of probability sampling
2) normal distribution of data
3) measurement of variables at interval and ratio level
4) reduction of error

Question 16

how confident are nurses about parametric statistic conclusions

Answer 16

high confidence

Question 17

inferential statistics involving nominal or ordinal level data to make inferences about the population

Answer 17

non parametric statistics

Question 18

less powerful test used when all four conditions are NOT met

low confidence about conclusion

Answer 18

non parametric statistics

Question 19

low to high levels of measurement

Answer 19

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Question 20

lowest level of measurement
data are categorized simply into groups
categorical data

Answer 20

nominal

Question 21

continuum of numeric values where intervals are not meant to be equal

Answer 21

ordinal

Question 22

continuum of numeric values with equal intervals that lacks an absolute zero

Answer 22

interval

Question 23

highest level of measurement

numeric values that begin with an absolute zero and have equal intervals

Answer 23

ratio

Question 24

extension of research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the general population

Answer 24

generalizability

Question 25

improve studies because precision of sample selection is enhanced

Answer 25

sampling criteria

Question 26

characteristics that each element must possess to be included in the sample clearly identify subjects of the study (ie/ age, ability to speak English)

Answer 26

Inclusion criteria

Question 27

characteristics of elements that will NOT be included in the sample may decreased the risks of certain characteristics influencing results

Answer 27

exclusion criteria

Question 28

non probability sampling method in which elements are selected because they are easy to access

Answer 28

convenience sampling

Question 29

random sampling method of selecting elements from larger to smaller subsets of an accessible population multi staging sampling

Answer 29

cluster sampling

Question 30

randomly selecting elements from the accessible population

Answer 30

simple random sampling

Question 31

most effective method to obtain representation sample

Answer 31

simple random sampling

Question 32

nonprobability sampling method used in quantitative studies used to select a distinct group of individuals who either have lived the experience or have expertise about the experience being studies

Answer 32

purposive sampling

Question 33

sampling method to recruit persons who could provide inside info

Answer 33

purposive sampling

Question 34

nonprobability sampling method involving selection of elements from an accessible population that has been divided into groups or strata

Answer 34

quota sampling

Question 35

sampling method in which elements in the accessible population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study

Answer 35

probability sampling

Question 36

3 conditions to meet for probability sampling

Answer 36

identifiable accessible population sampling frame use of randomization

Question 37

list of all possible elements in the accessible population

Answer 37

sampling frame

Question 38

recruitment of participants based on word of mouth or referrals from other participants

Answer 38

network sampling

Question 39

network sampling is also known as

Answer 39

snowball sampling

Question 40

describe sample sizes of qual an quant

Answer 40

qualitative studies have smaller sample sizes

Question 41

used to gather data about subjects at more than 1 point in time

Answer 41

longitudinal study

Question 42

what are the threats of longitudinal study

Answer 42

mortality, maturation, testing

Question 43

a statistical method to determine the acceptable sample size that will best detect the true effect of the independent variable

Answer 43

power analysis

Question 44

powerful, accurate method to determine sample size for quantitative studies

Answer 44

power analysis

Question 45

why are power analysis done

Answer 45

they ensure greater assurance that the sample size was appropriate for study nurses can be confident applying findings to target population

Question 46

what are the two factors of power analysis

Answer 46

significance level and effect size

Question 47

alpha level established BEFORE beginning of study (common is 0.05=p)

Answer 47

significance level

Question 48

estimate of how large a difference will be observed between the groups

Answer 48

effect size