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S20 Clin-Med > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

serum

A

plasma minus the clotting factors

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2
Q

main component of plasma

A

water

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3
Q

where are B cells produced and mature

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

where are T cells produced and where do they mature

A

produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus

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5
Q

where do lymphocytes go when they are mature

A

enter circulation, spleen and lymph nodes to survey for invaders

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6
Q

what type of cells may be seen in the presence of an infectious disease

A

neutrophilic band cells

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7
Q

characterisitcs of RBC

A

no nucleus
biconcave disc
central pallor

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8
Q

main component of RBC

A

hemoglobin

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9
Q

how many molecules of hemoglobin are in a RBC

A

approx 270 million

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10
Q

components of globin

A

4 polypeptide subunits

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11
Q

components of heme

A

4 pyrrole rings held together by iron in its reduced form

  • one heme unit is contained in each of the globin subunit
  • each unit binds a molecule of oxygen
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12
Q

what is formed by the break down of the pyrrole ring

A

bilirubin

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13
Q

what is reutilized when Hb is broken down

A

iron and globin

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14
Q

what is the most abundant blood cell type

A

RBC

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15
Q

when would you expect to see macrocytic cells

A 
b12 and folic acid def
alcohol
down syndrome
hypothyroidism
liver disease
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16
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscle value

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17
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution of width

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18
Q

what does a high RDW suggest

A

divergent population of red cells with different sizes

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19
Q

anisocytosis

A

differing sizes

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20
Q

RDW and MCV with pure macrocytosis

A

normal RDW

High MCV

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21
Q

RWD and MCV in iron def anemia

A

Low MCV

Normal RDW

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22
Q

RDW and MCV in mixed macrocytosis and microcytosis

A

Normal MCV

High RDW

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23
Q

RDW and MCV in hemolytic anemia

A 
High MCV (reticulocytes larger than normal RBC)
High RDW
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24
Q

poikilocytosis

A

cell shape

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25
what does the presence of macroovalocytes suggest
B12 or folic acid def
26
what do ovalo and elliptocytes suggest
inherited red cell abnormalities
27
what does the presence of spherocytes suggest
hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
28
schistocytes
destruction within vascular spaces
29
tear drop cells
extra medullar hematopoiesis- a response to bone marrow failure
30
where does EMH occurs
spleen, liver and occasionally lymph nodes
31
when is a RBC considered to be hypochromic
if more than 1/3 is pale
32
hereditary spherocytosis
increased osmotic fragility
33
what is there a lack of in hereditary spheropcytosis
spectrin (RBC cytoskeletal membrane protein)
34
acute phase reactants
proteins that change their serum concentration by >25% in response to inflammatory cytokines
35
what part of the immune system do acute phase reactants belong to
innate immune system
36
when does rouleaux occur
increased serum portions esp fibrinogen and globulins
37
reticulocytes
normal immature RBCs. circulate for about a day before maturing
38
characteristics of reticulocytes
residual robosomal RNA in cytoplasm
39
what does a high retic count suggest
blood loss or increased destruction
40
what does the appearance of RBC occulsions suggest
the spleen is not working
41
howell jolly bodies
DNA remnants
42
what does a nucelated RBC suggest
bone marrow stress
43
basophillic stippling
lead poisoning | ribosomes
44
heinz bodies
denatured hemoglobin
45
in what condition are heinz bodies seen
G6PD deficiency
46
Dohle bodies
in cytoplasm of neutrophils . Rough Er
47
why would bilirubin be high in someone with sickle cell anemia
RBC are abnormal and are getting eaten
48
what is the least plentiful blood cell type
WBC
49
function of WBC
defend the body against infections and neoplasms
50
what are the most numerous WBC
neutrophils
51
when do eosiniphils react
allergies and parasitic infections
52
what do basophils produce
histamine, heparin and IL 4
53
what type of neutrophil are seen in the blood
PMNS and bands
54
when are immature neutrophils seen in the blood
bone marrow stress d/t infection, pregnancy, recovery from bone marrow supression, blood malignancies
55
neutrophil nuclei
3-4 lobes (5 or more= hyper-segmented B12)
56
eosinophillia
``` Neoplastic Allergic Asthma Collagen Parasites ```
57
what is basophillic leukocytosis assocatied with
leukemia esp CML
58
characterisitics of atypical lymphocytes
larger than normal, have large nucleooli, more cytoplasm
59
In what condition are atypical lymphocytes commonly found
MONO
60
what is the largest cell in the blood
monocytes
61
low platelt count
bleeding
62
high platelet count
clotting
63
what do large platelets suggest?
consumptive process
64
thrombomodulin
secreted by intact blood vessels to prevent clotting
65
von willebrand factor
secreted in response to a blood vessel injury and initiates first step in wound healing
66
steps of hemostatsis
vasoconstriction platelet plug fibrin clot
67
what do all individuals innately produce
antibodies to whichever antigen they lack
68
what immunoglobulin family are anti- A and anti-B
IgM
69
what immunoglobulin crosses the placenta
IgG
70
universal donor
type o
71
universal recipient
AB
72
whole blood for trasnfusion
PRBS, platelets and FFP
73
how does one unit of PRBS affect HCT and Hgb
increases HCT by 3% and Hgb by 1 `
74
leukopenia
low WBC
75
lwukocytosis
high WBC
76
anemia
low H/H
77
polycythemia
high H/H
78
thrombocytopenia
low platelts
79
thrombocytosis
high platelets
80
microcytosis
low MCV
81
macrocytosis
high MCV
82
hgb at birth
17
83
hgb adolencse
13
84
adult male hgb
16
85
adult female hgb
13
86
pregnancy hgb
12
87
why do men have higher hgb
testosterone stimulates erythopoesis. menses
88
causes of anemia
losing not making it destroying
89
normal life span of a RBC
110-120 days
90
normal adult blood volume
5 L
91
acute loss of blood (10-15)
postural hypotension, tachy, lightheaded, syncope
92
blood loss >30%
shock
93
compensatory mechanisms in hypovolemic patient
offset hypotension by increasing blood volume/cardiac output or by reducing vascular capacity via vasoconstriction

S20 Clin-Med (10 decks)

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