Introduction

Question 1

components of Buffy coat

Answer 1

WBC, platelets

Question 2

main component of plasma

Answer 2

water (92%)

Question 3

serum

Answer 3

plasma minus clotting factors (NOT anti-coagulated)

Question 4

characteristics of RBC

Answer 4

size of small lymphocyte, central pallor (1/3 diameter). no nuclues and biconcave

Question 5

what originates from common myeloid progenitor?

Answer 5

megakaryocytic, RBC, myelblast, mono-blast

Question 6

what does a megakaryocytic become after activation

Answer 6

thrombocytes

Question 7

what does a basophil become after activation

Answer 7

mast call

Question 8

what does a monocyte become after activation

Answer 8

macrophage

Question 9

what originates from common lymphoid progenitor

Answer 9

natural killer cell and small lymphocyte

Question 10

maturation of a RBC

Answer 10

stem cell..proerythroblast..early erythroblast..intermed erythro..late erythro (sheds nuclues)..reticulocyte..RBC

Question 11

b lymphovytes

Answer 11

produced and mature in bone marrow

Question 12

t lymphocytes

Answer 12

produced in bone marrow mature in thymus

Question 13

when are neutrophilic band cells seen?

Answer 13

bone marrow stress

Question 14

main component of RBC

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

constituents of hemoglobin

Answer 15

one molecule of globin and one molecule of heme

Question 16

how many hemoglobin molecules are in each RBC

Answer 16

270 million

Question 17

structure of globin

Answer 17

combo of 4 polypeptide sunbunits

Question 18

structure of heme

Answer 18

4 pyrrole rings (protoporphyrin) held toether by ferrous iron

one heme unit in each globin subunit

each heme bninds one molecule of oxygen

Question 19

what happens when hemoglobin is degraded

Answer 19

iron and globin reused. pyrrole rings cleaved giving rise to bilirubin

Question 20

macrocytic RBC

Answer 20

BAD HL

Question 21

RDW

Answer 21

suggests diverend population of red cells of different sizes

Question 22

reticulocytosis

Answer 22

bone marrow responds to stress and spits out immature RBC

Question 23

poikilocytosis

Answer 23

variations in cell shape

Question 24

macroovalocytes

Answer 24

deficincy of vitamin b12 or folic acid

Question 25

ovalocytes and elliptpcytes

Answer 25

hereditary elliptocytosis

Question 26

spherocytes

Answer 26

hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 27

schistocytes

Answer 27

destruction within vascular spaces

Question 28

tear drop cells

Answer 28

commonly found in extra medullary hematopoiesis which is a response to bone marrow failure

Question 29

where does EMH occur?

Answer 29

spleen, liver and lymph nodes

Question 30

hypochromic RBC

Answer 30

more than 1/3 is pale (iron def anemia)

Question 31

hyperchromic RBC

Answer 31

lose central pallor (spherocytes)

Question 32

anisocytosis

Answer 32

variation in size

Question 33

hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 33

INCREASED OSMOTIC FRAGILITY - lack of spectrin

Question 34

actue phase reactants

Answer 34

proteins that change their serum concentration by greater than 25% in response to inflammatory cytokines

Question 35

what is in the cytoplasm of reticulocytes

Answer 35

residual ribosomal RNA

Question 36

howell jolly bodies

Answer 36

inclusions of DNA remanants

Question 37

nucleated RBC

Answer 37

bone marrow stress

Question 38

basophillic stippling

Answer 38

ribosomes at the periphery of RBC | - heavy metal poisoning

Question 39

heinz bodies

Answer 39

denatured hemoglobin seen in G6PD DEFICIENCY

Question 40

dohle bodies

Answer 40

basophilic inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils RER

Question 41

what kind of neutrophils are seen in a blood smear

Answer 41

bands and PMNs

Question 42

how many lobes does a neutrophil have

Answer 42

3-4 (5 of more hyper-segmented)

Question 43

what are hyper-segmented neutrophils indicative of

Answer 43

B12 folate deficiency

Question 44

causes of eosinophillia

Answer 44

``` neoplastic asthma allergic rxn collagen (rheum) parasites ```

Question 45

what is basophilic leukocytosis associated with

Answer 45

leukemia (specif. CML)

Question 46

what controls adaptive immunity?

Answer 46

B and T lymphocytes

Question 47

natural killer cells

Answer 47

kill tumor and virally infected cells

Question 48

appearance of an atypical lymphocyte

Answer 48

larger than normal and have more cytoplasm

Question 49

with what condition are atypical lymphocytes seen

Answer 49

MONO

Question 50

what is the largest cell in the blood

Answer 50

monocytes

Question 51

risk of low platelet count

Answer 51

bleeding

Question 52

risk of high platelet count

Answer 52

clotting

Question 53

von willebrand factor

Answer 53

initiates first stage of wound healing

Question 54

steps of hemostasis

Answer 54

vasoconstriction platelet plus fibrin clot

Question 55

what do platelets contain

Answer 55

vasoconstrictors and cytokines