this was the 18th century english farmer who used some techniques that have since been determined to be effective tools for genetic improvement
*the father of selective breeding. He adhered to the philosophy that “like begets like” so “breed the best to the best”
Robert Bakewell
who was the 19th century priest who bred garden peas and developed basic principles of genetics
Gregor Mendel
the 29th century British naturalist who developed the Theory of natural Selection as an explanatory farce for evolution
Darwin
zoologist at the University of Chicago who developed many of the principles of population genetics
Sewell Wright
english statistician who provided the statistical background for developments in population genetics
Henderson?
Iowa state scientist who assembled the ideas of population genetics and applied them to genetic improvement of livestock
Dr. Jay L. Lush
who wrote Animal Breeding Plans?
Jay L. Lush
Known as the “father of livestock selection” / “father of animal breeding”
Robert Bakewell
“father of modern animal breeding” / “father of modern scientific breeding”
Jay L. Lush
who is the most significant “bridge” between the “father of animal breeding” and the “father of modern scientific breeding”
Gregor Mendel
who were known as the big three with regard to population genetics
Robert Fisher
Swewll Wright
J.B.S. Haldane
who proposed the double-helix structure of DNA? when?
Watson and Crick; 1953
what is the chromosome # (diploid/haploid) for humans? cattle? chickens? donkeys? goats? horses? sheep? swine? turkeys?
humans: 46
cattle: 60
chickens: 78
donkeys: 62
goats: 60
horses: 64
sheep: 54
swine: 38
turkeys: 82
what is the difference btwn autosomes and the other chromosomes
Autosomes are the same pairs where as sex chromosomes may differ like the XY in males
how do concepts of gene, allele, and locus differ?
genes are short DNA sequences at specific locations on specific chromosomes that determine inherited traits
Alleles are alternate forms of a particular gene (found at a particular locus on a particular chromosome)
Locus is the site of a particular gene
what happens during meiosis? (ultimate outcome and how is it accomplished?)
Production of gametes - accomplished by cell division
name one exception to Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
Linkage: two loci are linked if they occur on the same chromosome - because entire homologous chromosomes (not just genes) are separated at meiosis, genes on the same chromosome tend to end up in the same gamete.
how do dominance and epistasis differ?
Dominance is a property of a pair of alleles at a locus in relation to a particular phenotypic trait
epistasis is a property of genes at different loci in relation to a particular phenotypic trait
In mammals, what depict the sex of the offspring? birds?
Mammals: XX = female XY = male
Birds: ZZ = male ZW = female
what is the most common inheritance patterns for genetic defects?
complete dominance
if a genetic defect is a simple recessive, what has to be true about the parents for the offspring to show the defect
they both must be carriers
explain the hardy-weinberg law - be prepared to state the hardy-weinberg law and use the hardy weinberg equation in a problem
gene and genotypic frequencies of a large, random mating population will remain constant from generation to generation, and the genotypic frequencies will equal the square of the gene frequencies, in the absence of migration, mutation, and selection.
what do we mean when we say that a population is in equilibrium? what conditions are necessary for equilibrium
When gene and genotypic frequencies remain constant - must have a large population and random mating
how long does it take for a population not in equilibrium to reach that state if random mating occurs and gene frequencies are equal in both sexes
Will reach equilibrium in only 1 generation of random mating provided that the gene frequencies are the same in both sexes
