Exam 1 WK1

Question 1

Community health is?

Answer 1

Identification of needs,protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area(specific area)
interact with individuals and families

Question 2

Public health?

Answer 2

Broader concept
The sience and art of precenting disease,prolonging life,
promotong heath through the organizationana efforts
intract with entire populations

Question 3

What is population-based approach?

Answer 3

An approach aimed at improving the health of an entire population. It is about improving the physical and mental health outcomes and wellbeing of people

Question 4

difine different types and exmaple
a) Geographic Community?
b) example?

Answer 4

a) defined by its geographic boundaries
b) City, town, neighborhood

Question 5

a) Common interest community, example?

Answer 5

a) Members of a church（Catholic, Buddhist), professional organization(group), LGBTQ,cancer survivors

Question 6

a) Community of solution?
b) Example?

Answer 6

a) a group of people who come together to solve a problem that affects all of them
b) A water pollution problem, neighborhood watch program

Question 7

What is population-health focused nursing practice?

Answer 7

-Optimal well-being or high levels of wellness to all ages and all different race
-Achieve access to preventive services for everyone

Question 8

a) Primary prevention?
b) Example?

Answer 8

a)P=prevention
Keep illness or injury from occurring
Target is well population
b) Education
Vaccinations
encouraging older people to install and use safety devices to prevent falls
Teaching or instruction

Question 9

a) Secondary prevention?
b) Example?

Answer 9

a) S=screening
early detection
modifies,removes or treats them before a problen becomes more serious
b) Self-exam brast and testicular
Encourage wieght lose to prevent DM
Refer pt who has high BS

Question 10

a) Tertiary prevention?
b) Examples?

Answer 10

a) T=treatmetn
prevent get worse
b) Treatment and rehabilitation
supoprt groups

Question 11

Community health nursing
waht focus?
a) individual pt→
b) acute setting→
c) specific age group→
d) episodic health care needs→
e) diseases/illness→
f) tertiary level→

Answer 11

a) aggregates/population
b) community settings
c) all age group
d) continuous health care
e) wellness,promotion, prevention
f) primary

Question 12

What is the difference between community-oriented and community-based nursing practice?

Answer 12

Community-oriented nursing practice=public health nurse care
NO illness care!!
health promotion and disease prevention in the community. No direct care for individuals!

Community-based nursing practice
“illness care” of individuals and families across the life span in the community
School nurse,home health

Question 13

C/PHN
a) who is the target?
b) What is the goal?
c) Which prevention is forcusing?

Answer 13

a) Community-based and population-focused
b) wellness,promotion, prevention
c) Primary

Question 14

History
Early home care(before mid-1800s)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?

Answer 14

a) sick poor
b) individuals
religious and charitable group
c)Reduce suffering
curative

Question 15

History
District nursing(1860-1900)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?

Answer 15

a) sick poor
b) individuals,impoverish population
c) curative
beginning of organized home visiting

Question 16

History
Public Health nursing(1900-1970)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?

Answer 16

a) Needy public(poor)
b) Families
not just poor people
c) curative,preventive
first nurse to manage TB

Question 17

History
Community Health nursing(1970-present)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?

Answer 17

a) total community
b) populations;illness,prevention
c) health promotion;practice

Question 18

Florence Nightingale
What she is known for?
Who was often called the Black Nightingale

Answer 18

-changed perceptions of women as nurses
-Served a war as a nurse
-pioneered the use of statistics to change practice
(gathering data)
-Mary Seacole
Worked with Nightingale in Crimean War

Question 19

Lilian Wald
What she is known for?

Answer 19

First used the term public health nurseing
First to suggest nurses in schools
Henry Street Settlement 1893
Provide nursing and welfare services

Question 20

Margaret Sanger
What is she known for?

Answer 20

Comstock Act of 1873
1st birth control clinic in America
International Planned Parenthood Federation
(to ensure people are free to make choices about their sexuality and wellbeing, in a world free from discrimination)

Question 21

what are the 3 core public health functions?

Answer 21

Assessment
Policy development
Assurance

Question 22

Assessment?

Answer 22

systemic collection
analysis
dissemination(spreading)of information about the health of acommunity
What disease?
How it occurs?

Question 23

Policy development?

Answer 23

Uses the scientific information gatherd durng asseessment to create comprehensive public health policies

Once identify disease or how it occurs,develop plan and addresses concern

Question 24

Assurance?

Answer 24

Make sure that health is mantaine over the time

Question 25

10 Essential Services of Public health **Assessment**

Answer 25

-community assessment to determine levels of health and illness in community and population **investigate+ diagnose** -Check lead levels at school at risk -Offer DM screening in the Native American community

Question 26

Policy development

Answer 26

**Communicate effectively and education** (talk people about) -educate the factor will influence -teach first-time parents how to care for a baby **Mobilize communities partnerships** -to create more equitable access to health-protecting resources within communities -**develop a network** of community services for elderly people within the community

Question 27

10 Essential Services of Public health **Policy development 2**

Answer 27

**Create policies, plans and laws** -work with county board members to develop a policy for playground safety in local communities **Enforce laws(action)** Make sure to mantaine health -Report suspected child abuse or neglect -Monitor compliance with immunization laws for school children

Question 28

10 Essential Services of Public health Assurance

Answer 28

**Link(assess) to/ provide care** to help them to get accesee -ED staff develop an areferral+ follow-up system for homebound elderly who visit the ED and then return home **Build a diverse and skilled workforce** (assure competent workforce) -Update public health nursing staff on flu visit

Question 29

10 Essential Services of Public health Assurance 2

Answer 29

**Evaluate** -Evaluate studies to determine the effects of public health nursing program **System managment+research** Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health Determine needs for public health services+service gaps

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

8 subsystems of the community a) Physical environment b) Education

Answer 31

a) air quality, flora? housing? Open space and how do they use the space? animals, people? b) Are there schools in the area? libraries? What are major educational issues? What are the dropout rates? A school nurse? After school program?

Question 32

8 subsystems of the community a) Safety and transportation b) Politic and govermenment

Answer 32

a) private and public transportation? Do you see buses, bicycles, taxis? Are there sidewalks, bike trails? What types of protective services are there (e.g. fire, police, sanitation)? b) Are there signs of political activity?What is the governmental jurisdiction of the community?

Question 33

8 subsystems of the community a) Health and social srvices b) Communication

Answer 33

a) Evidence of acute or chronic conditions? Shelters? clinics, hospitals, practitioners’ offices, public health services, home health agencies, emergency centers, nursing homes, social service facilities, mental health services? b) “common areas” where people gather? newspapers,TV, and radios? Social media?

Question 34

8 subsystems of the community a) Econnomics b) Recreation

Answer 34

a) industries, stores, places of employment? Where do people shop? What is the unemployment rate? b) Where to children play? What are the major forms of recreation?

Question 35

The Betty Neuman model Normal line of defense?

Answer 35

**What is the bacis the area** Level (**measurement)** of health the community has reached over time High rate of immunity Low infant mortality Middle-income level High rate of graduates from college

Question 36

A flexible line of defense(buffer zone)?

Answer 36

**temporarily response to a stressor** during flu season, Metro Health adds more immunization clinics, longer hours and weekend times to ensure the accessibility of flu vaccines for the entire community. Food Clean water after a natural diseaster

Question 37

Lines of resistance (strengths)?

Answer 37

**Strength of community** Internal mechanisms that act to defend against stressors (something happens community won't function so it needs resistance) -: VIA public transportation, police department, community center,after school

Question 38

What is the difference between a flexible line of defense and lines of resistance?

Answer 38

A flexible line of defense is temporary while lines of resistance exist throughout each of the eight subsystems and it always represents a strength that the community has. So think of the line of resistance as a strength within the community.

Question 39

Stressors?

Answer 39

stimulus that threatens the balance of community(can be positive) **air pollution, the closing of a clinic** Stressors penetrate the flexible and normal lines of defense à disruption of the community

Question 40

Degree of reaction?

Answer 40

**How respond to the stressor** Amount of disequilibrium or disruption that results from stressors impinging on the community’s lines of defense **focus your community diagnosis.**

Question 41

Answer 41