Pop exam2-3

Question 1

Macroeconomic?

Answer 1

big picture/larger view
concerned with the broad variables
economy as a whole
production, consumption,investment, international trade, inflation, recession and unemployment on the aggregate level
(big picture – global scale)

Question 2

Microeconomic?

Answer 2

Concerned with supply and demand
examines individual preference and finances, and how those actions affect cost of care and resource distribution

Question 3

a) Supply
b) demand

Answer 3

a) Quantity of good/services available
b) COnsumer willingness to buy goods/services

Question 4

What determines supply and demand in health care?

Answer 4

Different prices for same service
Competition is important but what if insurance tied to employment?
Waste (1/3 of healthcare spending is wasteful actions)
Higher demand due to aging population

Question 5

Shattuck Report?

Answer 5

a landmark document made a tremendous impact on sanitary
progress addressing
emphasizing the need for improved sanitation & working conditions
fundamental documents in public health in US
First systematic use of birth and death records and other demographic data to describe the health of a population

Question 6

Why current health care delivery system disincentives primary and secondary prevention?

Answer 6

Diminished federal and state allocations
連邦および州の割り当ての減少
Federal and State budget cuts
Incentives for illness/tertiary care
Conflicts with public health issues and
managed care

Question 7

Managed Care

Answer 7

focused on event
driven cost avoidance
HMO
PPO

Question 8

Private Health Sector(group)

Answer 8

promote health legislation
meet the needs of people with special needs
Health related professional organizations develop standards & lobb
a specific focus,

Question 9

Public health

Answer 9

3 core PH functions
-assessment, policy development,assuarance
focus on the entire population within their jurisdiction
responsible for carrying out health legislation

Question 10

CAP steps
a) data collection
b) analysis
c) nursing dx
d) planning
e) implementing
f) evaluation

Answer 10

a) assessment
identify the health needs
b)gathering collect data into a database
c) identify and prioritize health needs of the community
Risk +++ among++++ related to++++
d) smart goal
e) preparation
activities or actions

Question 11

3 Parts community nursing dx

Answer 11

1) Description of the problem, response, or state
2) Identification of factors etiologically related to the problem
3) Signs and symptoms that are characteristic of the problem

Problem
-High infant and childhood morbidity from communicable disase

Ethiology (related to)
-Low rates of immnization coverage in shildren under two years of age

S/S (as manifested by)
-Three times higher incidence rate for pertussis in the ast year

Question 12

SMART goal

Answer 12

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-framed

Question 13

Process or formative evaluation

Answer 13

Are program activities following the intended plan?
Are staff and materials sufficiently available?
Are expected numbers of clients participating?
Do inputs and outputs meet some predetermined plan?

Question 14

Impact or summative evaluation

Answer 14

short term outcome
Were program objectives met?
Were clients satisfied with the program?
Were program providers satisfied with activities and clientninvolvement?

Question 15

Outcome evaluation

Answer 15

long term outcome
What are the long-term implications of the program?
As a result of the program, what changes can be expected in 6 weeks, 6 months, 6 years?
Did the program meet its goal?
Was health improved?

Question 16

Evaluability of the Program

Answer 16

◦State activities in precise words whose concepts can be measured.
◦Include time frame for attaining change.
◦Include direction and magnitude of change.
◦Include method for measuring change.
◦Make sure data needed to measure objectives are available at reasonable cost.
◦Make sure program activities are plausible.

Question 17

Components of Evaluation

Answer 17

Relevancy
Progress
Cost Efficiency
Effectiveness
Outcome

Question 18

Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence

Answer 18

have the freedom of choice
Doing good
Do no harm

Question 19

Justice
Veracity
Fidelity

Answer 19

To be fair
Tell truth
Keeping promises

Question 20

Self-Determination

Answer 20

Respect for autonomy results in increased personal wellbeing.
CHN/PHN consider…
choices of clients
privacy
informed consent
diminished capacity for self-determination (how to identify this situation)

Question 21

a) Big data represents?
b) The four Vs of big data?

Answer 21

a) large scale data collection from a variety of sources
b) Volume: denotes a massive amount of data
Velocity: refers to the speed of data generation, collection, analysis, and transmission
Variety: means the different types of data that is collected that require sophisticated technology to overcome data inconsistencies
eracity: refers to assuring accuracy and trustworthiness of massive data sets that may be used for secondary analysis,have missing items, or needs statistical cleaning to assure validity

Question 22

CareLink
Maximum family liability?

Answer 22

Not a health insurance.
Not for free.
They are payment plan

Below member’s responsibility
Over Bexar County Tax Funds

Question 23

Payer of last resort?

Answer 23

must not qualify for public/private healthcare assistance to receive carelink

Question 24

explain the medication assistance program

Answer 24

Provides help with free to low cost medication from the drug companies.
Medication assistance program?
Process takes 4 to 6 weeks.
Eligibility for CareLink Members
Meet UHS Pharmacy criteria
Meet the drug company criteria
Once approved, the drug companies sends the medication
UHS pharmacy to fill
Sent to the patient’s home

Question 25

What happens if members do not pay?

Answer 25

After 3 months of no payment, the account may be sent to collection. Member will be unable to renew the contract. Members should make the payment on time. If they cannot pay, they should call or visit the CareLink office to ask for guidance.

Question 26

What were the original goals of the ACA/Triple Aim?

Answer 26

Inc quality Inc population dec cost Expand Medicaid Insurance reforms (cover those w/ chronic illnesses, equal rates for women) **No-cost for preventative services** Cancer screenings Vaccinations BP/cholesterol

Question 27

What are the essential health benefits of the ACA?

Answer 27

◦Emergency services ◦Hospitalization ◦Maternity and newborn care ◦Mental health and substance abuse disorders including behavioral health treatment ◦Prescription drugs ◦Rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices ◦Laboratory services ◦Preventative care and wellness services and chronic disease management (medicare/medicaid and private insurance will cover preventive care w/out copay) ◦Pediatric services, including oral and vision

Question 28

Steps of EBP

Answer 28

1: Ask questions using PICOT (identify) 2: Finding the evidence 3: Critical approach of the evidence 4: Integrating the evidence 5: Evaluating outcome 6: Disseminating outcomes

Question 29

PICOT

Answer 29

**Population** what is the problem? -age, gender, ethnicity, and disorder **Intervention** What do you want to do for the pt? -education **Comparison** -What will you compare the intervention against? Are there standard or alternative treatments to compare the planned intervention? **Outcome** What do you want to do for the pt? **Time** -Time it takes for intervention to achieve the outcome Obe school year

Question 30

a) Qualitative b) Quantitative

Answer 30

a) Subjectivity how or why b) measured objectively How many times did you How often did you

Question 31

Wha is a gold standard?

Answer 31

**Integrative or Systematic Reviews** compile all recent studies and summarize what is known about the problem. after PICOT Search for & collect the most relevant best evidence.

Question 32

a) The core component of EBP research that? b) The PICOT questing is best applied to?

Answer 32

a) analyzes the data that are collected as a means of impacting a particular problem. b) the formulation of research questions.

Question 33

When preparing to perform research, which would the nurse do first? A. Choose a research design B. Review the literature C. Formulate a research question D. Select a conceptual model

Answer 33

C. After identifying an area of interest, the next step would be to formulate a research question or statement. This is followed by a review of literature, selection of a conceptual model, and then selection of a research design.