Exam 1 WK2

Question 1

Define asset mapping in community health

Answer 1

-document a community’s existing resources
-incorporating asset(strengths) into community development
-Promotes collaboration

Question 2

Why should we identify community assets?

Answer 2

Be aware or gain access to available resources that can be benefit their lives
Knowing community strengths makes it easier to understand what community needs

Question 3

3 levels of asset
Level 1

Answer 3

Individual (you are the asset)
Specific skills
Individual businesses
Cultural groups

Question 4

3 levels of asset
Level 2

Answer 4

Organizations
Localized citizens associations
(clubs, religious, volunteer agencies, etc.)
where community members pursue a common goal

Question 5

3 levels of asset
Level 3

Answer 5

Institutions
libraries, local governments
School, hospitals

Question 6

Diffrence between asset based and needs based approach to community

Answer 6

Needs
-things people want, desire, or feel necessary
Assets
-things people are proud of, have in hand, or consider strengths.

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Purpose of Asset Mapping

Answer 8

Approach to identify strengths (assets) rather than weaknesses of a community

Question 9

Goal of Asset Mapping

Answer 9

Engage, understand, mobilize a community to focus on capacity building around a common goal.

Question 10

Asset Assessment Assumptions

Answer 10

Assumes that each community organization, group, and individual adds assets to the community.
Assumes groups have common goals and/or purpose.

Question 11

Description of vulnerable population

Answer 11

at risk for poor health outcome
Subpopulations with higher mortality/morbidity
Limited and less access to healthcare

Question 12

Who are vulnerabele populations?

Answer 12

Poor
Elderly, children
Race
Chronic illness
Mental illness
Disability
Alcohol and substance abuse
Familial abuse
Homelessness
Suicide and homicide risk
High-risk mothers and infant
Immigrants and refugess

Question 13

What is relative risk?
3 Related concepts

Answer 13

Resource availability
Relative risk
Health status

Question 14

A lack of resources influences what?

Answer 14

inc population’s exposure to risk factors
reduces individuals’ ability to avoid illness

Question 15

What are relative risk?

Answer 15

Exposure to risk factors identified
(e.g. diet, exercise, use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, sexual
behaviors)
Stressful events
(crime, violence, abuse, firearm use)

Ex: in populations of single-parent female-headed homes in poverty with little or no
access to social programs, violence and homicide are more prevalent

Question 16

e) What is social capital?

Answer 16

Share resources
Be helpful and build trust

Marital status
Family structure
ties and networks
organizations (church, clubs, etc.)

Question 17

Human capital

Answer 17

Investment in individuals’ capabilities and skills
Education
Job training

Question 18

What is the social gradient of health?

Answer 18

low social status=Poor=poor heal
Lowest levels of income/pay have poorest health

Question 19

social determinants of health and give examples

Answer 19

Stable income
Job security
Enviroment equality
Discrimination
Affortable health care
Educational opportunity
Housing

Question 20

a) Ethnocentrism?
b) Ethnorelativism?

Answer 20

a) Belief/feeling that one’s own culture is best=BAD
b) Seeing all behavior in a cultural context=ideal

Question 21

Why do we need a cultural assessment in nursing?

Answer 21

Nurse should never generalize=avoid stereotyping
avoid ethocentrisum
To better understand
Motivates the patient’s and family’s choices

Question 22

How can we increase our cultural awareness?

Answer 22

Self-awareness
-recognizing the beliefs, and practices that make up one’s own culture
-Verbal and nonverbal communication patterns
Pt’s culture identify
-expected pt’s cultural practices or behaviors
-includes LGBT

Question 23

Culture

Answer 23

Beliefs, values & behavior found in all societies, shared by members
Tells us what is acceptable and not acceptable.
Culture is learned(and Knowledge)

Question 24

a) race
b) ethnicity(民族性)

Answer 24

a) Biologically designated groups of people
skin color, are inherited
b) people who have common origins and a shared culture and identity
may share common race, language, traditions, values, and food

Question 25

a) Cultural diversity b) Subcultures c) Microcultures

Answer 25

a) Variety of cultural patterns coexist within a designated geographic area AKA--- culture plurality b) Relatively large aggregates of people within a society who share separate distinguishing characteristics c) culture within culture maybe they wear different clothes and speak different languages E.g. ***groups of immigrants***, religious communities, etc.

Question 26

Ethnocentrism in health care setting

Answer 26

Home remedies Herbalism OTC drug Diet therapies Gastrointestinal treatments

Question 27

What is a **tacit**culture?

Answer 27

Mostly unexpressed & at the unconscious level **know how to act and what to expect from one another** Implicit set of cues for behavior, not a written set of rules

Question 28

What is an**integrated** culture?

Answer 28

when people from a culture adopt the essence of another culture, while maintaining their own culture.

Question 29

How can we increase our cultural awareness? Being sensitive to cultural diffrences as you focus on **individual patientsm their needs and thier preferences**

Answer 29

**Self-awareness** -avoid stereotypeing cultures **Cultural awareness** -recognizing the values, beliefs that influence their health **Cultural encounte**r -show respect and learn Try to understand the patient’s point of view Listen, observe, and gradually learn the other culture

Question 30

Cognitive leaning stage(thinking process)

Answer 30

**Knowledge** -recall basic facts **Understand** -Combines remembering with understanding **Apply** -Transfer understanding into practice **Analysis** Breaks down material into parts **Evaluation** Validate(check) information **Create** Produce new or original work

Question 31

Affective thinking?

Answer 31

Involves emotion, feeling changes in intrest,attitudes, and value. **Receptive** -listen **Responsive** -participates respons to the info **Valuing** -attach the value on the info **Adoption**

Question 32

Psychomotor thinking?

Answer 32

Visible,demonstratble infant bathing ROM exercises walking with cruthes CPR class learner must practice the skill

Question 33

Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory 4 characteristics of adult learners

Answer 33

Self-directed Experience Eager to learn Need to learn

Question 34

**Lewin’s Stages of Change** First phases

Answer 34

**Unfreezing** People are motivated to change Need clear direction Ex: family requests help in solving an alcoholism problem;

Question 35

**Lewin’s Stages of Change** Second phase

Answer 35

**Changing** when a new ideas are accepted and tried out People experience a series of attitude transformations Ex: participants in a prenatal class are learning exercises elderly clients in a senior citizens’ center are discussing and trying ways to make their apartments safe from accidents

Question 36

**Lewin’s Stages of Change** 3rd phase

Answer 36

**Refreezing** Change is established and accepted as permanent part of the system Ex: when weight loss clients are routinely following diet and losing weight when senior citizens are using grab bars in bathrooms and have removed scatter rugs from their homes;

Question 37

Define health literacy

Answer 37

**skills, knowledge, motivation and capacity** of a person to access, understand,appraise and apply information to make effective decision about health and health care and take appropriate action

Question 38

How to identify in clients?

Answer 38

(1) Patients may ask to **take paperwork home to read** (2) Patients may say they **forgot their glasses** (3) Patients always **bring someone with them** to complete paperwork (4) Seldom ask questions or questions are basic in nature (5) Difficulty in explaining health concerns or how to take meds

Question 39

Define SMART goals

Answer 39

S Specific M Measurable A Actionable R Realistic T Timebound

Question 40

Teaching-Learning Principles

Answer 40

Client Readiness -readiness(availability,winningness) Client perceptions Educational environment Client participation Subject relevance Client satisfaction

Question 41

Principle of Effecting Positive Change

Question 42

Purpose of the McKenny-Vento Act

Answer 42

added homeless children and youth 15 programs to addresses major needs of homeless: Emergency shelter Transitional/permanent housing Job training Primary health care Education Housing

Question 43

Risks that contribute to homelessness, especially for youth

Answer 43

Lack of a high school diploma Poverty, Mental health problems foster care LGBTQ

Question 44

Priorities a nurse needs to take when working with populations experiencing homelessness. * w/homeless population ◦Homeless struggle w/ feeling powerlessness, loss of control, and low self-esteem * Comprehensive and holistic approach ◦to effectively address the multifaceted problems associated w/homelessness * Prevention, case management, and advocating to protect rights ◦Primary Prevention ‣ Advocating - affordable housing, employment opportunities, better access to healthcare ‣ Strategies for preventing homelessness- financial planning/ counseling, assistance locating needed services such as legal or financial aid to prevent eviction, assistance accessing social services, temporary housing, or healthcare to avoid housing, health, or family crisis ‣ Health education- parenting skills, violence prevention, anger managements, coping skills, healthy diet, basic hygiene ‣ Immunization clinics ◦Second Prevention ‣ focused on early detection and treatment of adverse health conditions ‣ Screenings for communicable/chronic diseases- hepatitis, tuberculosis, STIs, HIV, HTN, Diabetes, Cancer) ◦Tertiary Prevention ‣ measures to limit disability and restore optimal function. ‣ Rehabilitative care ‣ Treating disease complications

Answer 44

Trust is essential in developing a therapeutic relationship

Question 45

* (prevalance of HIV 3x higher), diabetes, HTN, addictions, & mental disorders (difficult to adhere to complex treatment regimens) * Increased risk for trauma & criminal victimization * Severe oral health problems due to poverty, substance abuse, poor nutrition, & coexisting illnesses

Answer 45

Acute health problems Chronic health problems- TB, HIV/AIDS