describe appearance and location of the heart
cone-shaped, size of fist, sits slightly to the left of the body, lungs flank on both sides
how many layers is the heart wall composed of
3; epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
function of epicardium
protection and lubrication
describe myocardium
thickest layer of heart, a muscle = intercalated discs at cell junctions
what is the inner lining of the heart
endocardium
cardiac muscles have
striations, nuclei, intercalated discs
how many heart chambers
4; 2 superior atria/atrium & 2 inferior ventricles
function of ventricles
forces blood out of the heart
what separates the heart longitudinally
interatrial septum, interventrical septum
function of heart valves
facilitate blood flow through the chambers
how many heart valves
4;
atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid)
semilunar valves: pulmonary, aortic
main function of cardiovascular system
transportation by using blood and blood vessels as the “roadway”
how are all centralized organs connected
hepatic portal vein
function of hepatic portal vein
drains waste from surrounding tissues to the liver
function of tricuspid valve
function of mitral (bicuspid) valve
function of pulmonary valve
function of aortic valve
describe the steps of the conduction system
P wave, p-r interval, qrs complex, s-t segment, q-t interval, t wave, t-p segment, r-r interval
term for high heart rate
tachycardia
term for low heart rate
bradycardia (below 60 beats/min)
