exam 2

Question 1

true or false: does the respiratory system filter, warm, and humidify the air

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true or false: is the respiratory system in charge of ventilation and gas exchange

Answer 2

true

Question 3

is the respiratory system in charge of sound production

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what sense is the respiratory system in charge of

Answer 4

smell

Question 5

what are the types of respiration

Answer 5

external and internal respiration

Question 6

what type of respiration is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 6

external

Question 7

what type of respiration refers to the exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissue capillaries and tissue cells

Answer 7

internal

Question 8

upper airway content

Answer 8

nasal and oral cavity, and pharynx

Question 9

lower airway content

Answer 9

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 10

what does the nasal airway do

Answer 10

warm, filter, and moisten inspired air and resonance

Question 11

what does the oral cavity do

Answer 11

articulation and resonance

Question 12

what does the pharynx do

Answer 12

resonance and airway protection

Question 13

what breathing pump division contains, conducts, and exchanges air and consists of the pulmonary airways and the lungs

Answer 13

pulmonary apparatus

Question 14

what breathing pump division consists of the rib cage, diaphragm, and the abdominal wall

Answer 14

chest wall

Question 15

what material is the lungs made up of

Answer 15

cones of spongy, porous, and elastic material

Question 16

what membrane covers the lungs

Answer 16

pleura

Question 17

t or f : the pleura links the lungs to the thoracic wall

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what are the 2 types of pleura

Answer 18

parietal and visceral

Question 19

what are the pleura membranes made of

Answer 19

slippery tissue that secretes fluid that reduces friction

Question 20

what makes up the inspiratory muscles

Answer 20

diaphragm, (rib cage), external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, and the scalenes

Question 21

what makes up the expiratory muscles

Answer 21

(rib cage) , internal intercostals, (abdominal wall), rectus abdominus, external and internal obliques, and the transversus

Question 22

what muscles expand the rib cage

Answer 22

inspiratory muscles

Question 23

what muscles compress the rib cage

Answer 23

expiratory muscles

Question 24

what are the 3 dimensions of the thorax that are increased through muscle contraction during inspirations

Answer 24

antero-posterior, lateral, and vertical

Question 25

what muscle is the primary inspiratory muscle

Answer 25

the diaphragm

Question 26

what elevates the ribs upward and outward, (expanding the rib cage)

Answer 26

external intercostals

Question 27

what elevates the sternum

Answer 27

the sternocleidomastoid

Question 28

what elevates the top 2 ribs

Answer 28

the scalenes

Question 29

where did the sternocleidomastoid get its name

Answer 29

from its attachments to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

Question 30

where is the insert of the scalenes

Answer 30

the inner boarder of the 1st and 2nd ribs

Question 31

what are the 3 portions of the diaphragm

Answer 31

sternal, costal, and vertebral

Question 32

what are the 3 important openings of the diaphram

Answer 32

aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and foramen vena cava

Question 33

what is the output variables of breathing

Answer 33

volume

Question 34

what is the measure of ventilation

Answer 34

rate

Question 35

pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the pressure in the atmosphere

Answer 35

inspiration

Question 36

pressure in the lungs is higher than the pressure in the atmosphere

Answer 36

expiration

Question 37

what initiates inspiration

Answer 37

the diaphragm contracts and enlarges the thoracic cage

Question 38

what happens to the intrapleural space during inspiration

Answer 38

it enlarges, which lowers the intrapleural pressure

Question 39

how does the decrease in intrapleural pressure affect the alveoli

Answer 39

it pulls the alveoli open and lowers the alveolar pressure

Question 40

passive force

Answer 40

resting breathing

Question 41

active force

Answer 41

contraction of respiratory muscles for speech, singing, and activity

Question 42

what is the tidal volume for normal breathing

Answer 42

0.5 L

Question 43

what is lung compliance

Answer 43

its a measure of the ease with which the lungs can be inflated

Question 44

how is lung compliance expressed

Answer 44

as the change in lung volume per unit change in pressure

Question 45

what decreases lung compliance

Answer 45

thickening or stiffening of lung tissue due to diseases like asbestosis

Question 46

what increases lung compliance

Answer 46

emphysema, which raises functional residual capacity

Question 47

what happens to alveolar pressure during inspiration at sea level

Answer 47

it decreases from 760mmhg to 758mmhg

Question 48

what is required for inspiration regarding intrapleural pressure

Answer 48

intrapleural pressure must be lower than the atmospheric pressure

Question 49

what are the 3 key variables in breathing

Answer 49

shape, relaxation characteristics, and the relative sizes of rib cage and abdominal wall

Question 50

how does speech breathing differ from the normal breathing

Answer 50

it requires constant pressure and flow in the upper airway

Question 51

at what lung volume is speech usually produced

Answer 51

speech is initiated above the resting expiratory level and ends at end-expiratory volume

Question 52

why is the rib cage more efficient for speech breathing

Answer 52

it has a larger contact area with the lungs and smaller/faster muscles for changing volume

Question 53

how does the abdomen contribute to speech breathing

Answer 53

it is drawn in slightly during inspiration to tune the diaphragm and participates in speech at lower lung volumes

Question 54

how does speech breathing differ from resting breathing in timing

Answer 54

it involves faster inspirations and longer expirations

Question 55

how does body position affect breathing for speech

Answer 55

upright positions use abdominal muscles for background pressure and rib cage adjustments

Question 56

how does a endomorph body type influence speech breathing

Answer 56

there is a greater inward abdominal motion for diaphragm tuning

Question 57

how does a mesomorph body type influence speech breathing

Answer 57

intermediate patternw

Question 58

how does a ectomorph body type influence speech breathing

Answer 58

it maintains ideal diaphragm position

Question 59

what what age do children develop adult-like speech breathing patterns

Answer 59

by age 10

Question 60

how does speech breathing change with aging

Answer 60

older adults initiate breath groups at larger lung volumes, males tend to be "leaky", while females "blow off: air more frequently

Question 61

what controls voluntary respiration

Answer 61

cortical control

Question 62

what controls automatic respiration

Answer 62

brainstem neurons

Question 63

what receptors are involved in breathing regulation

Answer 63

chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors