EXAM 2 acquired cardiac

Question 1

bacterial endocarditis

Answer 1

infection of valves and inner heart lining, increase with CHD or disease

often caused by strep

low grade fever, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, joint pain, positive blood culture, new murmur, splinter hemorrhages, osler nodes, janeway spots

2-8 weeks antibiotics,

teach fam about symptom relief, abx admin, monitoring for emboli

Question 2

rheumatic fever

Answer 2

systematic inflammatory disease following strep, causes back flow into L ventricle

symptoms: polyarthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, abd pain, fever, arthralgia

salicylates for two weeks to reduce inflammation, steroids, prophylactic abx

Question 3

kawasaki disease

Answer 3

usually resolves

fever that does not respond, rash, dry lips, strawberry tongie, swollen lymph nodes

bacterial conjunctivitis, swelling and redness of palms and soles

subacute phase: skin peeling, arthritis, thrombocytosis

recovery phase is very dangerous

Question 4

myocardial infarction in children

Answer 4

abd pain, vomiting, restless, inconsolable, pallor, schock

Question 5

hyperlipidemia

Answer 5

only screened if concerned, step diet, cholestyramine or colestipol

Question 6

dysrhythmias

Answer 6

24 hr monitor, ejg
sinus brady (atrioventricular block)
sinus tach (supraventricular tach)

Question 7

supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 7

200-300
carotid massage
adenosine can impairAV conduction
cardioversoin

Question 8

cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

muscles contract incorrectly
chf, dysrhythmia
syncope, sudden death

digoxin, diuretics, beta blocker, ca channel blockers, anticoags, transplant