Flashcards in Exam #2: Cartilage Deck (29)
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Hyaline Cartilage
- Most common type of cartilage
- "Glassy" appearance
- Fine & delicate collagen fibrils
- Also called articular cartilage; allows free movement between articulating bones
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Elastic Cartilage
- Collagen & Elastic fibers
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Fibrocartilage
- Thick bundles of collagen
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Where is Hyaline (articular) cartilage found?
- Where it maintains a lumen: Trachea, Nostrils, Bronchi, Larynx
- Articular surface of bone: Femur, Costochondral Joints, Sternocostal Joints
- Epiphyseal Plates
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Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue that has the potential to differentiate into different types of tissue
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Chondroblast
- Mesenchymal cells that retract their processes & become more rounded
- Synthesize ECM
- Monitor the ECM & synthesize as needed
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Chondrocyte
- A Chondroblast that has completely surrounded itself in ECM & undergoes division
- Continue to synthesize ECM (Interstitial Growth)
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Isogenous Groups
Genetically uniform cells that arise from one parent cell
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Perichondrium
- Membrane that surrounds cartilage
- Maintains the fitness of cartilage
- Derived from mesenchyme that has differentiated into fibroblasts
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How many layers does the perichondrium have?
Two:
1) Outer
2) Inner
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Outer Layer of the Perichondrium
- Fibrous layer that is protective & supportive
- Contains fibroblasts that synthesize collagen
- Also contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, & nerves
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Inner Layer of the Perichondrium
- Cellular layer that allows for cartilage growth
- Contains chondrogenic cells that become chondroblasts & later chondrocytes
- NO blood vessels or nerves
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Interstitial Growth
Growth/expansion from within cartilage
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Appositional Growth
Growth from the surface of cartilage
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In what two locations is cartilage not covered by perichondrium?
1) Articular surface of bone
2) Epiphyseal plates
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When does interstitial growth occur?
- Embryonically & prenatally
- At the articular surface of bone
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What type of cartilage growth is more common
- Appositional
- Appositional growth occurs on the surface of existing cartilage throughout life
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Where are chondrogenic cells located?
- Chondrification Center
- Inner Layer of Perichondrium
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What is in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
- Type II Collagen
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
- Extracellular Fluid (which hydrate glycosaminoglycans)
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Proteoglycans of Hyaline Cartilage
- Bottle brush morphology that contain a core protein & GAG (hydrated)
- Hyaluronan/ Hyaluronic Acid
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What is the capsular matrix?
Matrix immediately surrounding each chondrocyte
Contents:
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
- Hyaluronan
- Type VI Collagen
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Territorial Matrix
- Matrix father from the chondrocyte
- Pale blue/pink color
- Lower concentration of proteoglycans than capsular matrix
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Interterritorial Matrix
- Matrix further out than the territorial matrix
- Paler blue because it contains a more dilute concentration of molecules (proteoglycans)
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Properties of Hyaline Cartilage
- Avascular
- NO nerve fibers
- Matrix resists forces & compression between articular surfaces of bone
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Where is elastic cartilage found?
- Auricle
- Epiglottis
- Auditory Tubes
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Characteristics of Elastic Cartilage
- Larger chondrocytes than hyaline cartilage
- Elastic fibers in territorial & interterritorial matrix
- Yellow instead of blue appearance
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Fibrocartilage
- Dense collagenous connective tissue
- Chondrocytes form columns squeezed between collagen bundles
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Where is fibrocartilage located?
- Articular disc in TMJ
- Intervertebral Discs
- Pubic Symphysis
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