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AU14 Drug Mechanisms > Exam 2; Mechanisms > Flashcards

Exam 2; Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

methyl alcohol

A

alcohol
activates GABA, inhibits glutamate, may activate DA
slower than ethanol

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2
Q

ethanol

A

alcohol

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate, may activate DA

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3
Q

acamprosate

A

alcohol

decreases craving for ethnaol

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4
Q

disulfiram

A

alcohol

inhibits acetyladehyde dehydrogenase enzyme

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5
Q

fomepizole

A

alcohol

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme

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6
Q

nitrous oxide

A

inhaled GA

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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7
Q

isoflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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8
Q

sevoflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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9
Q

desflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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10
Q

methohexital

A

IV GA, barbiturate

activates GABA

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11
Q

propofol

A

IV GA

activates GABA

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12
Q

ketamine

A

IV GA

inhibits glutamate

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13
Q

etomidate

A

IV GA

activates GABA

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14
Q

midazolam

A 
IV GA, benzodiazepine
activates GABA (via benzo receptor)
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15
Q

cocaine

A

ester LA, CNS stimulant
inhibits NE, 5HT, DA
local vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

benzocaine

A

ester LA

used topically

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17
Q

procaine

A

ester LA

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18
Q

benoxinate

A

ester LA

eye

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19
Q

proparacaine

A

ester LA

eye

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20
Q

procainamide

A

amino acid LA

for arrhythmias

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21
Q

lidocaine

A

amino acid LA

for arrhythmias

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22
Q

“i i” + “-caine”

A

amino acid LAs

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23
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

irreversible Na+ channel blocker

liver/ovary toxin of puffer fish

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24
Q

saxitotoxin

A

irreversible Na+ channel blocker

“red tide” shellfish

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25
baclofen
neuronal anti-spasmatic | GABA agonist
26
diazepam
neuronal anti-spasmatic anti-anxiety (long duration) DOC status epilepticus GABA agonist
27
tizanidine
neuronal anti-spasmatic | alpha 2 agonist
28
botulinum toxin
neuronal anti-spasmatic | blocks ACh release
29
dantrolene
muscle anti-spasmatic
30
clonazepam
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
31
oxazepam
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
32
lorazepam
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
33
alprazolam
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
34
clorazepate
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
35
chlordiazepoxide
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
36
diazepam
long duration anti-anxiety benzodiazepine actives benzo receptor - GABA
37
flurazepam
short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia benzodiazepine activates benzo receptor - GABA
38
temaxepam
short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia benzodiazepine activates benzo receptor - GABA
39
quazepam
short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia benzodiazepine activates benzo receptor - GABA
40
estazolam
short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia benzodiazepine activates benzo receptor - GABA
41
triazolam
short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia benzodiazepine activates benzo receptor - GABA
42
flumazenil
for benzo overdose | benzodiazpine receptor blocker
43
zolpidem
non-benzo hypnotic | bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor
44
zaleplon
non-benzo hypnotic | bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor
45
eszopiclone
non-benzo hypnotic | bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor
46
dexmedetomidine
non-benzo hypnotic | alpha 2 agonist
47
buspirone
``` non-benzo hypnotic partial serotonin (5HT) agonist ```
48
pentobarbital
anti-anxiety - barbiturate enhance GABA action 3-4 hours
49
secobarbital
anti-anxiety - barbiturate enhance GABA action 3-4 hours
50
butabarbital
anti-anxiety - barbiturate enhance GABA action 6-8 hours
51
amobarbital
anti-anxiety - barbiturate enhance GABA action 6-8 hours
52
phenobarbital
anti-anxiety - barbiturate anti-epileptic (all but petit mal) enhance GABA action 10-16 hours
53
ramelteon
other sleep inducers | melatonin receptor agonist
54
tasimelteon
other sleep inducers | melatonin receptor agonist
55
antihistamine
ie diphenhydramine | OTC sleep inducer
56
phenytoin
DOC grand mal + others, not petit mal | inhibits Na+ channels --> prevents recovery from depolarization
57
carbamazepine
DOC for partial seizures | inhibits Na+ channels --> prevents recovery from depolarization
58
acetazolamide
anti-epileptic | inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme
59
ethosuximide
DOC for petit mal, not others | inhibits Ca++ channels
60
sodium valproate
anti-epileptic | inc GABA synthesis, dec GABA breakdown, may act on Na+/Ca++ channels
61
topiramate
anti-epileptic (partial) | activate GABA
62
tiagabine
anti-epileptic (partial) | activate GABA
63
vigabatrin
anti-epileptic (partial) | activate GABA
64
gabapentin
anti-epileptic (partial) | activate GABA
65
lamotrigine
anti-epileptic (partial) | Na+
66
rufinamide
anti-epileptic (partial) | Na+
67
lacosamide
anti-epileptic (partial) | Na+
68
zonisamide
anti-epileptic (partial) | Na+
69
pregabalin
anti-epileptic (partial) | Ca++
70
ezogabine
anti-epileptic (partial) | K+
71
perampanel
anti-epileptic (partial) | blocks glutamate
72
levetiracetam
anti-epileptic (partial) | ?
73
imipramine
anti-depressant 1st gen, "tricyclic antidepressants" inhibits NE reuptake
74
amitriptyline
anti-depressant 1st gen, "tricyclic antidepressants" inhibits NE reuptake
75
fluoxetine
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
76
sertraline
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
77
paroxetine
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
78
fluvoxamine
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
79
citalopram
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
80
escitalopram
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
81
vortioxetine
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
82
vilazodone
anti-depressant 2nd gen, SSRI inhibit 5HT reuptake
83
venlafaxine
anti-depressant 3rd gen, SNRI inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
84
duloxetine
anti-depressant 3rd gen, SNRI inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
85
milnacipram
anti-depressant 3rd gen, SNRI inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
86
desvenlafaxine
anti-depressant 3rd gen, SNRI inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
87
buproprion
"other" anti-depressant
88
mirtazapine
"other" anti-depressant
89
nefazodone
"other" anti-depressant
90
tranylcypromine
anti-depressant | inhibit MAO enzyme --> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT
91
phenelzine
anti-depressant | inhibit MAO enzyme --> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT
92
isocarboxazid
anti-depressant | inhibit MAO enzyme --> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT
93
lithium
treats manic depression | alter glutamate metabolism, dec NE release
94
L-DOPA + carbidopa
treat Parkinson's L-DOPA = prodrug, DA precursor carbidopa = DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
95
selegiline
treat Parkinson's | selective MAO inhibitor in CNS
96
rasagiline
treat Parkinson's | selective MAO inhibitor in CNS
97
tolcapone
treat Parkinson's | inhibits COMT enzyme
98
entacapone
treat Parkinson's | inhibits COMT enzyme
99
rotigotine
``` treat Parkinson's DA agonist (patch) ```
100
ropinirole
treat Parkinson's DA agonist also RLS
101
pramipexole
treat Parkinson's DA agonist also RLS
102
bromocryptine
treat Parkinson's | stimulates D2 receptors
103
apomorphine
``` treat Parkinson's DA agonist (injection) ```
104
trihexyphenidyl
treat Parkinson's | anticholinegic --> restore DA/ACh balance
105
benztropine
treat Parkinson's | anticholinegic --> restore DA/ACh balance
106
amantadine
treat Parkinson's | anticholinegic --> restore DA/ACh balance
107
haloperidol
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), high potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
108
pimozide
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), high potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
109
thioridazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
110
chlorpromazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
111
fluphenazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
112
perphenazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
113
prochlorperazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
114
trifluoperazine
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
115
thiothixene
anti-psychotic typical (1st gen), low potency inhibits DA neurons, some H1
116
loxapine
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
117
asenapine
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
118
clozapine
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
119
olanzapine
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
120
risperidone
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
121
iloperidone
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
122
paliperidone
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
123
lurasidone
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
124
ziprasodone
anti-psychtoic atypical (2nd gen) inhibits DA neurons, some H1
125
quetapine
anti-psychotic marketed as anti-depressant inhibits DA neurons, some H1
126
aripiprazole
anti-psychotic marketed as anti-depressant inhibits DA neurons, some H1
127
morphine
natural opiate agonist
128
codeine
natural opiate partial agonist
129
heroin
semi-synthetic opiate agonist (5x morphine)
130
hydromorphone
"dilaudid" | semi-synthetic opiate agonist (10x morphine)
131
oxycodone
"percodan" | semi-synthetic opiate agonist (.5x morphine)
132
fentanyl
“sublimaze” | synthetic opiate analog (80x morphine)
133
sufentanil
synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)
134
remifentanil
synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)
135
alfentanil
synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)
136
meperidine
"demerol" | synthetic opiate analog (.5x morphine)
137
methadone
``` synthetic opiate analog (1x morphine) oral administration (to break addiction) ```
138
oxymorphone
synthetic opiate analog
139
levorphanol
synthetic opiate analog
140
pentazocine
partial opiate agonist
141
methyltrexone
opiate antagonist
142
naltrexone
opiate antagonist
143
naloxone
opiate antagonist
144
tramadol
opiate activity + SSRI
145
tapentadol
opiate activity + SSRI
146
methylxanthine
CNS stimulant | inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme
147
caffeine
CNS stimulant | inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme
148
amphetamine
CNS stimulant | inc DA, NE release
149
methamphetamine
CNS stimulant | inc DA, NE release
150
methylphenidate
``` CNS stimulant (Ritalin) inhibits DA reuptake ```
151
dexmethylphenidate
CNS stimulant | inhibits DA reuptake
152
cannabinoid
marijuana | binds cannabinoid receptor
153
dranabinol
cannabinoid | binds canabinoid receptor
154
nabilone
cannabinoid | binds canabinoid receptor
155
modafinil
CNS stimulant | reuptake inhibitor
156
armodafinil
CNS stimulant | reuptake inhibitor
157
nicotine
CNS stimulant | pre-synaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors agonist
158
varenicline
CNS stimulant | partial nicotinic agonist

AU14 Drug Mechanisms (7 decks)

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