Word Patterns; Mechanisms Flashcards
1
Q
-trop-
atropine
A
- block cholinergic/muscarinic receptors
2
Q
-cur-
rocuronium
A
- block ACh receptor
3
Q
-nol, -rol
albuterol
A
- beta2 agonist
-rol also seen in asthma lecture
4
Q
-amine
amphetamine
A
- indirect acting amines
inc [NE]
5
Q
-olol
metaprolol
A
- adrenergic antagonists
beta 1/beta 2 antagonist
6
Q
-thiazide
chlorothiazide
A
- thiazide diurectics
inhibit Na+ resorption in DCT
7
Q
-azosin (some -osin)
prazosin
A
- alpha 1 blockers
8
Q
-olol
propranolol
A
- adrenergic antagonists
beta 1/beta 2 antagonist
9
Q
-artan
losartan
A
- ANgiotension RecpTor ANtagonist
10
Q
-entan
bosentan
A
- ENdothelian recepTor ANtagonist
11
Q
-pril
captopril
A
- renin-angiotensin system
inhibit ACE enzyme
12
Q
-ipine
nifedine
A
- Ca++ channel blockers
13
Q
-fluranes
isoflurane
A
- halogenated hydrocarbons
+ GABA, - glutamate neurons
14
Q
-caine (one i)
procaine
A
- ester LA
Na+ channel blockers
15
Q
-caine (two ii)
lidocaine
A
- amino acid LA
Na+ channel blockers
16
Q
-pam and -lam
diazepam
A
- benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety)
activate benzodiazepine receptor
17
Q
-barbital
phenobarbital
A
- barbiturates (anti-anxiety)
enhance action of GABA
18
Q
-melteon
ramelteon
A
- other sleep inducers
melatonin receptor agonist
19
Q
-geline
selegiline
A
- Parkinson’s
inhibit MAO enzyme
20
Q
-capone
tolcapone
A
- Parkinson’s
inhibit COMT enzyme
21
Q
-azine
thioridazine
A
2. schizo inhibit DA receptors *hydralazine (anti-hypertensive) *promethazine (H1 receptor blocker) *sulfadiazine (sulfonamide anti-bact) *"sala” (salicylates for IBD)
22
Q
-idone
risperidone
A
- schizo
inhibit DA receptors
23
Q
-apine
loxapine
A
- schizo
inhibits DA receptors
*mirtazapine (anti-depressant)
*nevirapine (anti-viral)
24
Q
-fentanial
fentanyl
A
- opiate
activate opiate receptor
25
-afinil
| modafinal
2. CNS stimulant
| reuptake inhibitor
26
-nabi-
| dronabinol
2. "medical marijuana"
| activate cannabinoid receptor
27
-darone
| amidarone
3. for arrhythmias
| K+ channel blocker
28
-afil
| sidenafil
3. for ED
| inhibits 5 cAMP phosphodiesterase
29
-parin
| enoxaparin
3. anticoagulant (heparin)
| activates anti-thrombin
30
-rudin
| desirudin
3. anticoagulant (hirudin)
| inhibits thrombin
31
-xaban
| rivaroxaban
3. oral anticoagulant
| inhibits Xa "ban Xa"
32
-grel
| ticagrelor
3. platelet inhibitor
ADP receptor blocker
*exception: anagrelide is platelet count reducer
33
-fiba-
| tirofiban
3. platelet inhibitor
| fibrinogen receptor blocker
34
-kinase
| streptokinase
3. thrombolytic agent
| convert plasminogen --> plasmin
35
-statin
| lovastatin
3. hyperlipidemia
| inhibit HMG CoA reductase
36
chole- or cole-
| cholestyramine
3. hyperlipidemia
| bind bile acids in gut
37
-fibr-
| gemfibrozil
```
3. fibrates
bind PPAR (activate receptor)
```
38
-tidine
| cimetidine
4. H2 receptor blockers
| -tidine also in GI lectures
39
-triptan
| sumatriptan
4. treat migraines
| serotonin agonist
40
-ergo-
| ergotamine
4. to treat migraine
partial serotonin agonist
*ergocalciferol (Ca++ + osteoporosis)
41
-rol
| albuterol
4. bronchodilator
beta 2 agonist
(also seen in autonomics)
42
-tropium
| tiotropium
```
4. bronchodilator
block cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors
(-trop- also seen in autonomics)
```
43
-crom-
| nedocromil
4. anti-inflammatory
| inhibit Cl- channels --> mast cell inhibitors
44
-lukast
| zafirulkast
4. asthma
| leukotriene receptor blcoker
45
-pro-
| fenoprofen
4. NSAIDs
| inhibit COX1 and COX2 enzymes
46
-fenac
| bromofenac
4. NSAIDs
| inhibit COX1and COX2 enzymes
47
-sone
| prednisone
4. activate receptor → induce lipocortin
*Also seen in Asthma, Immunosuppressants,
Chemotherapy, GI, Ca++
48
-lone
| triamcinolone
4. activate receptor → induce lipocortin
*Also seen in Asthma, Immunosuppressants,
Chemotherapy, GI, Ca++
49
-acep
| abatacept, belatacept
4. affect T cell activation
| inhibit CD80 + CD86
50
-acept
| etanercept
4. bind TNF
51
-limus
| sirolimus
4. block T cell processes
| bind FKBP → inhibit kinase for IL-2
52
-flunomide
| leflunomide
4. block T cell replication
| inhibit dihydroorate dehydrogenase
53
-rubicin
| danorubicin
4. cell cycle non-specific
| intercalates with DNA
54
-vin
| vincristine
4. cell cycle specific
| bind MT
55
-nib
| imitinib
4. target specific
| inhibit protein kinase
56
-zomib
| bortezomib
4. target specific
| inhibit proteasome
57
-cillin-
| cloxacillin
5. penicillins (β-lactams)
| inhibit transpeptidase
58
ceph- or cef-
| ceftaroline
5. cephalosporins (β-lactams)
| inhibit transpeptidase
59
-penem
| imipenem
5. carbapenems (β-lactams)
| inhibit transpeptidase
60
-vancin
| televancin
5. non β-lactams
| binds dialanine residues → disrupts cell membranes
61
-ro- or -thro-
| clarithryomycin
5. macrolides (protein syn)
| inhibit translocation
62
-cycline
| tigecycline
5. tetracyclines (protein syn)
| inhibit tRNA bindings to “A” site
63
-pristin
| quinupristin
5. streogramins (protein syn)
quinpristin: inhibit A + P site
dalfopristin: inhibit P site
64
-zolid
| tedizolid
5. oxazolidinones (protein syn)
| inhibit f-met tRNA binding to P-site
65
sulfa-
| sulfadiazine
5. sulfonamides
inhibit dihydropterate synthase
*sulfasalazine (GI drugs)
66
-conazole
| ketoconazole
5. inhibit fungal P450
67
-fungin
| caspofungin
5. echinocandins
| inhibit enzyme → inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis
68
-clovir
| ganciclovir
5. to treat Herpes or CMV
| inhibit viral DNA polymerase
69
-mandtadine
| amandtadine
5. to treat influenza A
block transporter/ion channel
*Amantadine also seen in Parkinson’s
70
-mivir
| oseltamivir
5. to treat influenza A and B inhibit neuraminidase
71
-previr
| telaprevir
5. to treat hepatitis
| inhibit HCV protease
72
-navir
| ritonavir
5. to treat HIV
| inhibit protease enzyme
73
-gravir
| dolutegravir
5. to treat HIV
| inhibit HIV-1 integrase enzyme
74
-tidine
| ranitidine
5. H2 receptor blockers → dec acid secretion
| * Also seen in Biogenic Amines
75
-prazoles
| lansoprazole
5. PPI (proton pump inhibitors
inhibit ATPase enzyme
*aripiprazole is marketed as anti-depressant
76
-sala-
| mesalamine
5. salicylates (to treat IBD) dec PG synthesis in gut
77
-setron
| granisetron
5. anti-emetics
serotonin receptor blockers
“setron” = SeLective TeRminators Of Nausea
78
-glinide
| nateglinide
6. stimulate insulin release
| block K+ receptors
79
-glitazone
| pioglitazone
```
6. insulin enhances
bind PPAR (activate receptor)
```
80
-glutide
| liraglutide
6. incretin enhancers
| activate incretin receptor (incretin analog)
81
-gliptine
| linagliptine
6. incretin enhancers
| inhibit DPP-4 enzyme
82
-gliflozin
| canagliflozin
6. delay glucose absorption
| inhibit Na+/glucose transporter in PCT
83
-dronate
| pamidronate
6. (amino)bisphosphonates
til/eti inhibit ATP-requiring enzymes
others inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
84
-calci-
| ergocalciferol
vitamin D analog
