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AU14 Drug Mechanisms > Exam 5; Mechanisms > Flashcards

Exam 5; Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin G

A

anti-bacterials - natural penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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2
Q

penicillin V

A

anti-bacterials - natural penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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3
Q

nafcillin

A

anti-bacterials - b-lactamase resistant penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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4
Q

oxacillin

A

anti-bacterials - b-lactamase resistant penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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5
Q

cloxacillin

A

anti-bacterials - b-lactamase resistant penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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6
Q

dicloxacillin

A

anti-bacterials - b-lactamase resistant penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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7
Q

methicillin

A

anti-bacterials - b-lactamase resistant penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase
(no longer in use, too toxic)

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8
Q

amoxicillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase
amino penicillin

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9
Q

ampicillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase
amino penicillin

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10
Q

ticarcillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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11
Q

piperacillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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12
Q

mezlocillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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13
Q

carbenicillin

A

anti-bacterials - broad/extended spectrum penicillins
cell wall inhibitors
b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptidase

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14
Q

sulbactam

A

non-antibiotic b-lactam ring containing agents
inhibit penicillinase (a b-lactamase)
(used in combo: broad spectrum + penicillinase inhibitor)

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15
Q

clavulanic acid

A

non-antibiotic b-lactam ring containing agents
inhibit penicillinase (a b-lactamase)
(used in combo: broad spectrum + penicillinase inhibitor)

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16
Q

cephalexin

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (1st gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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17
Q

cefazolin

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (1st gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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18
Q

cefaclor

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (2nd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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19
Q

cefuroxime

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (2nd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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20
Q

cefoxitin

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (2nd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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21
Q

cefotetan

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (2nd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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22
Q

ceftazidime

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (3rd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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23
Q

ceftriaxone

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (3rd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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24
Q

cefaperazone

A

anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (3rd gen)

b-lactam ring –> inhibit transpeptiation

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25
cefepime
anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (4th gen) | b-lactam ring --> inhibit transpeptiation
26
ceftaroline
anti-bacterial - cephalosporin (5th gen) | b-lactam ring --> inhibit transpeptiation
27
imipenem
anti-bacterial - carbapenems | smaller, penicillinase-resistant b-lactams
28
meropenem
anti-bacterial - carbapenems | smaller, penicillinase-resistant b-lactams
29
aztreonam
anti-bacterial - monobactam | synthetic b-lactam ring --> inhibit transpeptidation
30
vancomycin
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | binds dialanine residues on subunits of cell wall --> prevents cross-linking
31
televancin
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | binds dialanine residues and disrupts cell membranes
32
dalbavancin
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | binds dialanine residues and disrupts cell membranes
33
bacitracin
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | inhibits recycling of bactoprenol carrier
34
fosfomycin
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | inhibits synthesis of N-acetylmuramic acid
35
cycloserine
anti-bacterial - non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor | inhibits enzyme for incorporation of alanine into n-acetyl muramic acid
36
erythromycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor macrolide reversibly binds 50S subunit inhibit translocation of tRNA --> cannot bind P site of ribosome
37
clarithromycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor macrolide reversibly binds 50S subunit inhibit translocation of tRNA --> cannot bind P site of ribosome
38
azithromycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor macrolide reversibly binds 50S subunit inhibit translocation of tRNA --> cannot bind P site of ribosome
39
telithromycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor macrolide reversibly binds 50S subunit inhibit translocation of tRNA --> cannot bind P site of ribosome
40
streptomycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
41
gentamycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
42
tobramycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
43
neomycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
44
amikacin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
45
kanamycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
46
netilmicin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibit tRNA binding along mRNA (including initiation site) --> irreversible mRNA reading
47
tetracycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
48
doxycycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
49
minocycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
50
tigecycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
51
demeclocycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
52
oxytetracycline
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline reversibly bind 30S subunit inhibits binding of tRNA to "A" site
53
chloramphenicol
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor | inhibits peptidyl transferase
54
clindamycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor lincosamide inhibits translocation in ribosome
55
lincomycin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor lincosamide inhibits translocation in ribosome
56
quinupristin + dalfopristin
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor streptogramins Q - inhibits A and P sites D - inhibits P site
57
linezolid
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor oxazolidinones (linezolid <-- tedizolid) inhibits binding of f-methionyl tRNA to P site prevents initiation of synthesis process
58
tedizolid
anti-bacterial - protein synthesis inhibitor oxazolidinones (linezolid <-- tedizolid) inhibits binding of f-methionyl tRNA to P site prevents initiation of synthesis process
59
fidaxomycin
anti-bacterial - not cell wall or protein synthesis inhibitor inhibits C. diff RNA polymerase
60
daptomycin
anti-bacterial - not cell wall or protein synthesis inhibitor bacterial cell wall "membrane disruptor" forms pores in cell wall
61
ciprofloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
62
ofloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
63
gatifloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
64
moxifloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
65
levofloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
66
gemifloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
67
norfloxacin
anti-bacterial - other fluoroquinolines (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibit topoisomerase II and IV
68
sulfisoxazole
anti-bacterial - other sulfonamides (nucleic acid inhibitor) reversibly inhibit dihydropterate synthase
69
sulfacetamide
anti-bacterial - other sulfonamides (nucleic acid inhibitor) reversibly inhibit dihydropterate synthase
70
sulfadiazine
anti-bacterial - other sulfonamides (nucleic acid inhibitor) reversibly inhibit dihydropterate synthase
71
trimethoprim
anti-bacterial - other (nucleic acid inhibitor) inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in combo with sulfmethoxazole
72
metronidazole
anti-bacterial - other anaerobic DNA inhibitor (nucleic acid inhibitor) converted to active molecule, a free radical, by obligate anaerobe bacteria
73
nitrofurantoin
anti-bacterial - other anaerobic DNA inhibitor (nucleic acid inhibitor) reduced by bacteria to highly reactive molecule
74
polymixin B
anti-bacterial - other, topical | binds negatively charged sites on LPS on Gm - --> inc membrane permeability
75
gramicidin
anti-bacterial - other, topical forms pores in bacterial membrane mixture of three diff peptide antibiotics
76
neomycin
anti-bacterial - other, topical | aminoglycoside
77
retapamulin
anti-bacterial - other, topical | inhibits peptidyl transferase
78
mupirocin
anti-bacterial - other, topical | binds bacterial isoleucyl tRNA synthesis
79
isoniazid
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial prodrug, activated by mycobacterium produces multiple inhibitors of myco enzymes --> inhibits cell wall synthesis
80
rifampin
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial | inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthase
81
pyrazinamide
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial prodrug, converted in macrophage where TB lives inhibits fatty acid synthesis by TB
82
ethambutol
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial | inhibits arabinosyl transferase enzyme (necessary for cell wall synthesis)
83
bedaquiline
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial | inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthetase
84
dapsone
anti-bacterial - anti-mycobacterial | inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
85
nystatin
anti-fungal - polyene, topical | bind ergosterol in fungal CM --> fungicidal
86
amphotericin B
anti-fungal - polyene, topical & DOC for systemic | bind ergosterol in fungal CM --> fungicidal
87
natamycin
anti-fungal - polyene, topical | bind ergosterol in fungal CM --> fungicidal
88
tolnaftate
anti-fungal - topical for ringworm
89
ciclopirox
anti-fungal - topical for ringworm
90
terbinafine
anti-fungal - topical for ringworm, systemic for skin, systemic inhibits squalene epoxidase --> inhibits ergosterol synthesis (squalene accumulates)
91
miconazole
anti-fungal - topical for ringworm and candida | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
92
griseofulvin
anti-fungal - systemic for skin infection taken up by mammalian cell --> conc in keratin bind fungal MT --> inhibit mitosis
93
ketoconazole
anti-fungal - systemic | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
94
fluconazole
anti-fungal - systemic, a triazole | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
95
itraconazole
anti-fungal - systemic, a triazole | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
96
posaconazole
anti-fungal - systemic, a triazole | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
97
voriconazole
anti-fungal - systemic, a triazole | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) --> inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
98
flucytosine → 5-fluorouracil
anti-fungal - systemic converted to 5-fluorouracial in fungus inhibits thymadylate synthase
99
caspofungin
anti-fungal - echinocandin for systemic inhibit enzyme for fungal CW synthesis fungicidal
100
micafungin
anti-fungal - echinocandin for systemic inhibit enzyme for fungal CW synthesis fungicidal
101
anidulafungin
anti-fungal - echinocandin for systemic inhibit enzyme for fungal CW synthesis fungicidal
102
"conazole"
anti-fungal - for ringworm and candida & systemic | inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 (and lanosterol 14-x demethylase) → inhibit ergosterol synthesis; fungistatic
103
acyclovir
DNA anti-viral for herpes simplex/zoster prodrug - phosphorylated by viral kinase inhibits viral DNA polymerase
104
valacyclovir
DNA anti-viral for herpes simplex/zoster prodrug --> acyclovir inhibits viral DNA polymerase
105
famciclovir
DNA anti-viral for herpes simplex/zoster prodrug --> acyclovir analog inhibits viral DNA polymerase
106
ganciclovir
DNA anti-viral for CMV prodrug - activated by viral kinase inhibits viral DNA polymerase
107
valganciclovir
DNA anti-viral for CMV prodrug - activated by viral kinase --> ganciclovir inhibits viral DNA polymerase
108
cidofovir
DNA anti-viral for CMV prodrug - activated by host kinase inhibits viral DNA polymerase
109
foscarnet
DNA anti-viral for CMV not prodrug directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase
110
adefovir
DNA anti-viral for hepatitis B | inhibit Hep B reverse transcriptase
111
telbivudine
DNA anti-viral for hepatitis B | inhibit Hep B reverse transcriptase
112
tenofovir
DNA anti-viral for hepatitis B | inhibit Hep B reverse transcriptase
113
entecavir
DNA anti-viral for hepatitis B | inhibit Hep B reverse transcriptase
114
ribavirin
RNA anti-viral for RSV | inhibits RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
115
palivizumab
RNA anti-viral for RSV | blocks antigenic site of RSV (blocks fusion of virus with target cell)
116
amantadine
RNA anti-viral for Influenza A | blocks H+ channel formation in endosome
117
rimantadine
RNA anti-viral for Influenza A | blocks H+ channel formation in endosome
118
zanamivir
RNA anti-viral for Influenza A + B | inhibits neuraminidase
119
oseltamivir
RNA anti-viral for Influenza A + B | inhibits neuraminidase
120
"cyclovir"
DNA anti-viral for herpes or CMV | inhibit viral DNA polymerase
121
"ciclovir"
DNA anti-viral for herpes or CMV | inhibit viral DNA polymerase
122
lamivudine
DNA anti-viral for hepatitis B | inhibit Hep B reverse transcriptase
123
recombinant interferon alpha
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis (esp C) | inhibits mRNA processing by ribosome
124
boceprevir
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis (esp C) | inhibits HCV protease
125
telaprevir
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis (esp C) | inhibits HCV protease
126
simeprevir
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis (esp C) | inhibits HCV protease
127
sofosbuvir
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis (esp C) prodrug inhibits HCV RNA-dep RNA polymerase + ledipasvir = Harvoni
128
ledipasvir
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis + sofosbuvir = Harvoni binds and inhibits protein for HCV replication
129
Harvoni
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis ledipasvir + sofosbuvir = Harvoni binds and inhibits protein for HCV replication
130
didanosine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
131
abacavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
132
zidovudine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
133
lamivudine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
134
emtricitabine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
135
stavudine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
136
telbivudine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs phosphorylated in cell competitive inhibitors of nucleosides inhibit reverse transcriptase and inhibit normal nucleosides
137
tenofovir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NRTIs already phosphorylated competitive inhibitors of nucleotides inhibit reverse transcriptase
138
nevirapine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NNRTI (1st) non-competitive inhibits reverse transcriptase
139
delavirdine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NNRTI (1st) non-competitive inhibits reverse transcriptase
140
efavirenz
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NNRTI (1st) non-competitive inhibits reverse transcriptase
141
etravirine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NNRTI (2nd) non-competitive inhibits reverse transcriptase
142
rilpivirine
RNA anti-viral for HIV - NNRTI (2nd) non-competitive inhibits reverse transcriptase
143
saquinavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor | used in combo with ritonavir
144
ritonavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor | used in combo with LADS
145
indinavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor
146
nelfinavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor
147
atazanavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor | used in combo with ritonavir
148
darunavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor | used in combo with ritonavir
149
lopinavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor | used in combo with ritonavir
150
tipranavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor
151
fosamprenavir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - protease inhibitor
152
enfuvirtide
RNA anti-viral for HIV - fusion inhibitor | blocks site on virus that binds target
153
maraviroc
RNA anti-viral for HIV - fusion inhibitor | blocks site on host macropahge that binds virus
154
reltegravir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - integrase inhibitor | inhibits HIV-1 integrase enzyme
155
dolutegravir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - integrase inhibitor | inhibits HIV-1 integrase enzyme
156
elvitegravir
RNA anti-viral for HIV - integrase inhibitor | inhibits HIV-1 integrase enzyme
157
"previr"
RNA anti-viral for hepatitis virus | inhibit HCV protease

AU14 Drug Mechanisms (7 decks)

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