Exam 4; Mechanisms Flashcards by K Seymour

Q

diphenhydramine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

clemastine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

chlorpheniramine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

hydroxyzine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

promethazine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

tripelennamine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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Q

loratadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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Q

fexofenadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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Q

desloratadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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Q

cetirizine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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Q

cimetidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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Q

ranitidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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Q

famotidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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Q

nizatidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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Q

sumatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

rizatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

zolmitriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

naratriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

almotriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

eletriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

frovatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

ergotamine

A

partial serotonin agonist (ergot alkaloids)

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

dihydroergotamine

A

partial serotonin agonist (ergot alkaloids)

to treat migraine headaches

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Q

epinephrine

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - nonspecific

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isoproterenol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - first more specific

albuterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

pirbuterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

bitolterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

levalbuterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

terbutaline

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

formoterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

arformoterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

salmeterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

indicaterol

bronchodilator to treat asthma | Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

ipratropium bromide

bronchodilator to treat asthma | cholinergic blocker - inhibit muscarinic receptors in lung

tiotropium

bronchodilator to treat asthma | cholinergic blocker - inhibit muscarinic receptors in lung

theophylline

bronchodilator to treat asthma | inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme

cromolyn sodium

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma | inhibit release of mediators from immune cells

nedocromil

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma | inhibit release of mediators from immune cells

beclomethasone

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

budesonide

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

fluticasone

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

mometasone

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

ciclesonide

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

prednisone

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma (not inhaled) bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

dexamethasone

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma (not inhaled) bind intracellular receptors --> alter DNA transcription inc lipocortin --> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

omalizumab

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma binds IgE molecule anti-IgE antibody

zileuton

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma | inhibits enzyme 5-lipoxygenase --> leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

zafirlukast

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma | leukotriene receptor blocker

montalukast

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma | leukotriene receptor blocker

aspirin

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

acetaminophen

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

ibuprofen

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

naproxyn

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

fenoprofen

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

ketoprofen

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

flurbiprofen

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

oxaprozin

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

suprofen

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

indomethacin

NSAID, acetic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

tolmetin

NSAID, acetic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

sulindac

NSAID, acetic acid derivative | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

pyroxicam

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

diclofenac

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

bromfenac

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

nepafenac

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

etodolac

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

nabumetone

NSAID, other | inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

celecoxib

NSAID | COX2 inhibitor

cortisone

glucocorticoid "low level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

hydrocortisone

glucocorticoid "low level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

prednisone

glucocorticoid "mid level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

triamcinolone

glucocorticoid "mid level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

prednisolone

glucocorticoid "mid level" *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

dexamethasone

glucocorticoid "high level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

betamethasone

glucocorticoid "high level" Immune suppression! *Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor --> binds DNA Induces lipocortin I --> inhibits phosphilipase A2 --> inhibits cytokine synthesis

ATG = atgam, | antithymocyte globulin

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation | polyclonal antibody

abatacept

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation | bind and inhibit CD80, CD86 receptors

belatacept

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation

natalizumab

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody | binds alpha-integrins

vedolizumab?

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody | binds alpha-integrins

tocilizumab

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody | block IL-6 receptors

ustekinumab

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody | binds IL-12, IL-23

etanercept

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

infliximab

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

adalimumab

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

certolizumab

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

golimumab

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

anakinra

Immunosuppressant | blocks IL-1 receptor

rilonacept

Immunosuppressant | binds IL-1 molecule

cyclosporine

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process | binds cyclophillin --> inhibits calcineurin phosphatase enzyme --> no NFAT, T cell not activated

tacrolimus

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process | binds FK binding protein --> inhibits calcineurin phosphatase enzyme --> inhibit cytokine synthesis

glucocorticoids

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process | inhibits all immune processes

sirolimus

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process | binds FK binding protein --> *inhibits kinase enzyme --> dec cytokine production

everolimus

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process | binds FK binding protein --> inhibits kinase enzyme --> dec cytokine production

basiliximab

immunosuppressant | IL-2 receptor blocker

tofacitinib

immunosuppressant | Janus kinase inhibitor

azathioprine

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication prodrug --> 6-mercaptopurine inhibits enzymes for GMP/purine synthesis

mycophenolate mofetil

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication | inhibits enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase for guanosine synthesis

methotrexate

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase folic acid analog

leflunomide

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication prodrug --> teriflunomide inhibit enzyme dihydroorate dehydrogenase --> inhibit pyrimidine synthesis, dec UMP, TMP

teriflunomide

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication from prodrug leflunomide inhibit enzyme dihydroorate dehydrogenase --> inhibit pyrimidine synthesis, dec UMP, TMP

hydroxychloroquine

immunosupressant | interfers with macrophage processing of antigens

cyclophosphamide

cancer chemotherapy | cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

lomustine

cancer chemotherapy | cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

cisplatin

cancer chemotherapy | cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

doxorubicin

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA --> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

daunorubicin

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA --> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

"rubicin"s

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA --> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

dactinomycin

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA --> interferes with mRNA synthesis

bleomycin

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA --> DNA strand breakage

"mycin"s

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic intercalates with DNA

methotrexate

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - antimetabolites folate antagonist inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase

5-fluorouracil

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - antimetabolites pyrimidine analog inhibits enzyme thymidylate synthase

cytarabine

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - antimetabolites pyrimidine analog inhibits enzyme DNA polymerase

6-mercaptopurine

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - antimetabolites purine analog inhibits enzymes for purine synthesis

vincristine

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives inhibits microtubules bind MTs --> block mitosis

vinblastine

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives inhibits microtubules bind MTs --> block mitosis

paclitaxel

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives forms abnormal microtubules

"taxel"s

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives forms abnormal microtubules

eribulin

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives binds MT --> blocks mitosis

ixabepilone

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives binds and inhibits MTs

etoposide

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives inhibits topoisomerase II --> unrepairable DNA breaks (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

topotecan

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives inhibits topoisomerase I (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

irinotecan

cancer chemotherapy cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives inhibits topoisomerase (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

flutamide

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent blocks androgen receptor

"lutamine"s

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent blocks androgen receptor

abiraterone

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent inhibits enzyme 17-hydroxylase lysase (CYP 17) --> inhibits androgen/testosterone synthesis

leuprolide

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent initially activates androgen receptor (stimulates GnRH receptor --> initial inc in testosterone synthesis), eventually receptor is downregulated --> dec in testosterone synthesis

tamoxifen

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent blocks estrogen receptor

fulvestrant

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent blocks estrogen receptor

anastrozole

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent inhibits aromatase enzyme (testosterone --> estrogen)

prednisone

cancer chemotherapy target specific hormonal agent glucocorticoid - inhibits immune cell functions

imitinib

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent protein kinase inhibitor

"nib"s

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent protein kinase inhibitor

bortezomib

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent proteasome inhibitor

carfilzomib

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent proteasome inhibitor

trastuzumab

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent monoclonal antibody against HER2 (a kinase)

bevacizumab

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent monoclonal antibody against VEGF (which normally allows blood supply into tumor cells)

rituximab

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent monoclonal antibody against CD20 receptor

ibritumomab

cancer chemotherapy target specific non-hormonal agent monoclonal antibody