Exam 2 Tutoring Notes Flashcards
1
Q
alpha
A
vasoconstriction of peripheral arterioles
2
Q
beta 1
A
increased heart rate, conduction and contractility
3
Q
beta 2
A
vasodilation of peripheral arteries and brohcnodilation
4
Q
dopaminergic
A
dilation of renal and mesenteric arteries
5
Q
class 1
A
blocks sodium channels
6
Q
class 1A
A
may prolong QT and cause arrhythmia
7
Q
class 2
A
blocks beta adrenergic receptor
8
Q
class 3
A
slows repolarization and increase duration of action potential
9
Q
class 4
A
blocks calcium channels
10
Q
preload
A
volume in ventricles at end of diastole
11
Q
preload
- decrease in
A
hemorrhagic shock
12
Q
preload
- increase
A
fluid bolus
13
Q
afterload
A
pressure in the ventricle has to generate to overcome resistance
14
Q
afterload
- decreased
A
septic shock
nipride
nitro
lasix
morphine
acei
15
Q
afterload
- increase
A
vasopressor (levophed)
16
Q
will ACEI have reflex tachycardia
A
NO
17
Q
what will ACEI delay/inhibit
A
ventricular remodeling
18
Q
reflect tachycardia
A
due to a lowered BP, body tries to compensate by increasing heart rate
19
Q
contractility
- increased in
A
dobutamine (vasopressor, beta 1)
fluid bolus
20
Q
contractility
- decreased in
A
acidosis
beta blockers
21
Q
stroke volume
A
preload + contractility + afterload
22
Q
end diastolic volume
A
how much blood is in the ventricles before contraction
23
Q
LVEF
A
left ventricular ejection fraction
ratio of stroke volume to end diastolic volume
24
Q
normal EF
A
over 55%
25
reduced/systolic
- EF
under 40%
26
reduced/systolic
- treatment
hydralazine (lower BP)
nitrates (vasodilation)
- both reduce afterload
27
persevered/diastolic EF
over 40%
28
left sided
pulomonary symptoms such as cough, crackles, shortness of breath
29
right sided HF
peripheral symptoms such as edema, JVD, weight gain
30
MAP formula
(DBP x2) + SBP
________________
3
31
inotrope
contractility
32
positive inotropic
dobutamine
epinephrine
dopamine
dig
33
negative inotrope meds
verapamil
atenolol
clondaine
34
positive chronotropic medications
epinephrine
atropine
dopamine
35
negative chrono meds
metoprolol
dig
36
pulmonary edema
too much fluid in the lungs
37
causes of pulmonary edema
heronin overdose
head injury
anterior wall MI
cardiomyopathy
38
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure pulmonary edema
25mgHg
39
treatment of pulmonary edema
lasix
morphine
CPAP
40
What rhythms are epinephrine used in?
V-Fib, PEA and asystole
- pulsless Vtach
41
adenosine used in what rhythm
PSVT
42
adenosine works
slows condition through AV node
43
adenosine half life
very short
44
monitor adenosine for
bradycardi
45
A patient is diagnosed with heart failure and is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). Before administering the furosemide to the patient, which laboratory result should the healthcare provider review?
potassium
46
A patient who has a history of pulmonary valve stenosis tells the healthcare provider, “I don’t have a lot of energy anymore, and both of my feet get swollen in the late afternoon.” Which of these problems does the healthcare provider conclude is the likely cause of these clinical findings?
Right ventricular failure
47
causes of tension pneumothorax
trauma
central line placement
48
trachea will be deviated to what side
tension pneumo
opposite side of the injury
49
breath sounds tension pneumothorax
absent on side of injury
50
cheyne stokes respirations
CHF
advanced neuro issues
advanced pulmonary issues
51
pulmonary embolism causes
hypoxia
tachycardia
chest pain
52
HF in pulmonary embolism
right
53
how to diagnose pulmonary embolism
CT
54
saddle embolism
clot in bifurcation of the pulmonary artery
55
what can be inserted for pulmonary embolism
IVC filter inserted through groin can catch future clots
56
atelectasis
Alveolar collapse
57
encourage what for atelectasis
encourage patients to sue incentive spirometer
58
The patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) would exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Decreasing PaO2 levels despite increased FiO2 administration
59
mild oral yeast infection
rinse mouth with normal saline
60
erythema following radiaiton
avoid using soap on area
61
platelets under what should avoid invasive procedure
20,000
62
filgrastim/neupogen how is it given
IV or SQ
63
Filgrastim/Neupogen can be given at home?
yes SQ
64
what does Filgrastim/Neupogen do
stimulates WBC production
65
when to start Filgrastim/Neupogen
24 hour after chemo
66
continue Filgrastim/Neupogen how long after starting
2 weeks after chemo induced nadir
67
nadir
lowest neutrophil count
68
ANC
absolute neutropenic count
69
ANC under what are neutropenic precautions
500
70
neutropenia
low neutrophils
71
neutropenic precautions
no fresh fruit or flowers
private room
72
paraneoplastic syndromes
different ways that immune system may react to the tumor
73
SIADH
body is making too much ADHSI
74
SIADH does what to soidum
low because body retains water
75
SIADH symptoms
subtule mental changes, nausea, vomiting
76
hypercalemai in what cander
lung
77
venous thrombosis prevention
SCD and ambulation
78
tumor lysis syndrome
cancerous cells are getting released into the bloodstream
79
tumorlysis syndrome can cause
increase uric acid, potassium, phosphorus which can be hard on kidneys
80
top priorities of tumor lysis syndrome
renal function and hydration status
81
what is the pressure point for nausea
P6
82
manitol does what
decreases ICP
83
what do we need to do while giving mannitol
use filter
84
factors that increase ICP
headaches
suctioning
coughing
sneezing
85
ICP should not be what for extended peroid of time
20
86
normal ICP
0-15
87
earlier sign of increasing ICP is
change LOC
88
later sign of Increase ICP
change in pupils
89
what do we do for increase ICP
elevate HOB
90
issue where half of the vision is reduced
homonymous hemianopsia
91
What is the most probable cause of decreased level of consciousness related to a metabolic disorder?
HHS
92
cushings triad
widened pulse pressure (systolic hypertension)
bradycardia
irregular respirations
93
uncle herination
medical part of temporal lobe protrudes over the tensorial edge as a result of increased ICP
94
uncal herianation leads to
cushings triad
95
diffuse axonal injury
rotational injury resulting in severe brain injury
leads to coma
96
testing for responsiveness
no sternal rub
* use trapezius squeeze
97
tell tale signs of basilar skull fracture
raccoon eyes
battle sign
halo
98
Autonomic dysreflexia
-Occurs in spinal cord injury patients
-Could be due to pain, distended bladder or rectum
-Causes sweating and high blood pressure
99
Autonomic dysreflexia TX
Sit the patient up, evaluate possible causes (Do a bladder scan, ask about last BM, any tight clothing, maybe they just need to be repositioned)
keep assessing/evaluating BP
100
A white female client is admitted to an acute care facility with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Her history reveals bronchial asthma, exogenous obesity, and iron deficiency anemia. Which history finding is a risk factor for CVA?
Obesity
101
modifiable vs nonmodifable
102
A male client is having a tonic-clonic seizures. What should the nurse do first?
take measure to prevent injury
103
A female client with a suspected brain tumor is scheduled for computed tomography (CT). What should the nurse do when preparing the client for this test?
determine allergies
104
105
a fib
heparin or diltiazem
106
cardioversion for afib
depends on time
107
pneumonia
good side down
