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ACBS Reproductive > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Estrus

A

(noun) AKA. Heat- period of sexual receptivity

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2
Q

Estrous Cycle

A

Period from start of estrus to next estrus
Proestrus
Estrus
ovulation between
Metestrus
Diestrus

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3
Q

3 Cyclicity Types

A

Polyestrus, Monoestrus, Seasonal Polyestrus

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4
Q

Estrus

A

2-5 days

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5
Q

Proestrus

A

2-5 days
Progesterone to Estradiol (controlled by LH and FSH)
CL regresses
prep for estrus and mating

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6
Q

Metestrus

A

Luteinization
P4 and E2 low
ovulated follicle becomes CL

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7
Q

Luteinization

A

Newly ovulated follicle remodels and forms CL

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8
Q

Polyestrus

A

In cattle/swine, a cycle throughout the year

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9
Q

Monoestrus

A

In dogs/bear, single estrous cycle per year

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10
Q

Seasonal Polyestrus

A

In sheep/mare, a cycle only during specific seasons

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11
Q

Two Major Phases of Estrous Cycle

A

Follic (20%)
Luteal (80%)

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12
Q

Follicular Phase made up of

A

Proestrus and Estrus

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13
Q

Proestrus beginning and end

A

It begins at the luteolysis and ends at estrus

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14
Q

What does Proestrus do?

A

Pre-ov follicles form

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15
Q

Estrus

A

Starts at proestrus and ends at ovulation
The period of sexual receptivity, controlled by estradiol from pre-ovulatory follicles

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16
Q

Standing Estrus

A

Time when female will accept male
Usually Lordosis to accept sex

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17
Q

Anestrus Cause
True Vs. Apparent

A

Insufficient GnRH secretion

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18
Q

Two Causes and Types of Anestrus

A

Gestation and Season

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19
Q

Gestational Anestrus

A

P4 from CL/Placenta inhibits GnRH (- feedback)
Prevents follicle development without FSH and LH
Before birth P4 declines rapidly and E2 increases

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20
Q

Postpartum Anestrus

A

Allows uterine repair
Infection Prevention

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21
Q

Lactational Anestrus

A

Suckling<2 a day means LH pulses will increase again and cyclicity begins
Suckling>2 = no period

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22
Q

Seasonal

A

Birth at optimal time of the year
Long day vs short day breeders

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23
Q

Long Day

A

Summer Cycling
Mare
RFRP-3 stimulates kisspeptin which increases GnRH

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24
Q

Short Day

A

Winter Cycling
Ewe
RFRP-3 inhibits Kisspeptin neurons which decreases GnRH

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25
Silent Anestrus
Cow/Ewe 1st Ovulation not accompanied by behavioral estrus bc behavior P4 is needed before E2 P4 primes brain for E2 sensitivity 2nd Estrus=behavior
26
4 Major Processes of Follic Phase leading to LH surge
1. Elevated gonadotropin release 2. Follicular growth 3. Sexual receptivity 4. Ovulation
27
Parts of Tonic Center
Ventromedial Nucleus Arcuate Nucleus
28
Parts of Surge Center
Preoptic Nucleus Anterior Hypothal area superchiasmatic nucleus
29
Basal Secretion
GnRH secretion looks spontaneous but is inhibited by P4
30
Espisodic Seceretion
GnRH secretion from surge center controlled by E2 increase and P4 decrease
31
Recruitment (Emergence)
Low LH, Inhibin, and E2 High FSH Small Follicles
32
Selection
Low FSH Moderate LH Low Inhibin Medium Follicles
33
Dominance
Low FSH High LH and Inhibin Large Follicles
34
E2 And Inhibin Increase
Follic Phase Suppresses FSH
35
LH Pulse Frequency in Estrus Cycle
Low in Met and Diestrus After Luteolysis, P4 decreases and more GnRH frequent pulses drive follic development
36
FSH and LH Follicular Dominance
Recuited and Early Selected follicles are FSH dependent Larger Selected and Dominant follicles are LH Follicles with high LH receptors become pre-ovulatory follicles
37
Atresia of Follicles
Insufficient LH receptors on Gran. Cells LH stims final growth and maturtiy
38
Estrogen Synthesis 2 Cell- 2 Gonadatropin Model
1. Elevated gonadotropin release 2. Follicular growth 3. Sexual receptivity 4. Ovulation
39
What are the six effects of estradiol on female reproductive tract?
IGLU 1. Increases blood flow, mucosal secretion, myometrial tone 2. Genital swelling 3. Leukocytosis 4. Uterine gland growth
40
LH and FSH with which cell type thingy
LH = Theca Interna FSH = Gran Cells
41
What do Growing follicles produce?
Inhibin (which inhibits FSH) AT the beginning FSH is needed for recruitment and then slowly switches to LH
42
Cascade of events from LH surge
-Preov. LH surge -Elevated Blood flow to dominant follicle (Histamine and PGE2) -Swollen Theca Interna (facilitates ovulation rupture) -Theca Interna of the dominant follicle produces P4 before ovulation to stimulate collagenase -Follicle Volume increases and TA weakens -Apex (stigma) of follicle pushes out
43
Hyperemia for follicle
caused by histamine and prostoglandin E2 (PGE2) provides follicle with hormonal and metabolic nutrients for final maturation increases pressure in follicle which aids in rupature of follicle
44
Collagenase Synthesis
45
Prostaglandin types in Ovulation (2)
PGF2A and PGE2
46
PGF2A
smooth muscle contractions (force stigma protrusion) Lysosome rupture in gran. cells (degrade TA for stigma)
47
PGE2
increase blood flow for follicle remodels CL after ovulation Activates plasminogen, helps degrade CL
48
Protease
enzyme that breaks down proteins facilitates follicular rupture
49
Types of Ovulators
Spontaneous Induced (reflex)
50
Spontaneous Ovulators
Cow Mare Human ovulates with regular frequency stimulated solely by hormones
51
Induced Ovulators
Cat neural or physical stimulation long copulation time or high copulation frequency
52
Camelids
Modified Induced Ovulators recognizes seminal plasma not just sex "Ovulating Inducing Factor"
53
Ovulation Summary (must haves)
LH Receptors form on Gran. Cells Threshold of Estradiol LH Preov surge Shift from E2 to P4 in dom. follicle PGE2 and PGF2A elevated in blood stream
54
Hormonally Induced Ovulation
-Premature Luteolysis with PGF2a -Increase GnRH . . .
55
Superovulation
INCREASE #EGGS MATURE inject gonadatropins which cause more follicles to be recruited and selected for dominance Also ecg which give higher than normal FSH which will help recuitment and selection
56
4 Phases of Oocyte Maturation
-Prenatal Division of Primordial Germ Cells -Nuclear Arrest -Cytoplasmic Growth -Resumption of Meiosis
57
Zona Pellucida
Oocyte is responsible for its creation Secondary Follicular Phase Barrier for diffusion of materials needed for growth
58
Junctional Complexes form between close follicular Cells
Gap Junctions= oocyte's gran cells communication
59
Oocyte Growth
Mediated by Gran Cells size increases 50X
60
Final Maturation/Dominance Phase
Oocyte resumes meiosis After LH surge gap junctions deteriorate which removes meitoic inhibitors (cAMP) OMI removed (??)oocyte meiotic inhibitor
61
Resumption of Meiosis near time of ovulation
62
Menopause
Loss of E2 > depletion of follicles Hormones Decrease: AMH, Inhibin, E2, Test., P4 Higher risk of cardio disease because E2 protected from that FSH and LH increase
63
Reproduction Assistance (2 types)
Ivm/IVF and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
64
IVM
Eggs extracted and mature in petri dish no hormones and avoids OHSS
65
IVF
Egg Maturation Induced in Mother's Body Requires Hormones
66
IVF Success
Fertilization Ratio Cleavage Ratio Blastocyst Ratio Morula Ratio Pregnancy Ratio

ACBS Reproductive (9 decks)

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