Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ACBS Reproductive > Lecture 5 neuro > Flashcards

Lecture 5 neuro Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

chemical substance released by nerve fiber ending and by diffusing across junction, causes the transfer of impulse to another nerve/fiber/structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hormone

A

signalling molecule in multicellular organisms, are transported to distant organs to regulate physio and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine System

A

network of glands and hormone secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurohormone

A

produced by neurons released directly in blood
response in target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Release Hormone

A

synthesized by neurons in hypothalamus, causes release of hormones in AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gonadotropin

A

One of the hormones secreted by AP (FSH LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormone Half-Life

A

Time required for half of hormone to disappear from blood/body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two types of hormone secretion stimulation

A

neural (simple neural reflex)
endocrine (neuralendocrine reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple Neural Reflex

A

releases neuraltransmitters directly into target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neuralendocrine

A

requires neurhormone to work as a messenger between secretory and target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endocrine Regulation Source

A

Gland
synthesis/secretion
act in small quantities and have short half lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endocrine Regulation Distribution

A

Blood Stream
Dilution Importance
example of non target organ is metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endocrine Regulation Target Cells

A

Responsiveness depends on:
receptor #
downstream pathways
other ligands
metabolism of ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Estradiol (E2)

A

-produced by dominant ovarian follicle
-maintain oocytes and stim follicle development in ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Progesterone

A

-Secreted by CL
-Sex hormone regulate mesntrual cycle, preg, and embryogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relative Hormone Concentration Graph

A

P4 and E2 are opposite rise and fall
proestrus, estrus, ovulation, metestrus, diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Simple Neural Reflex Stimulus

A

thermal, tactile, visual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Afferent vs Efferent Neurons

A

efferent= signal to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Neural control center for repro hormones
PVN- paraventriculuar nucleus
Tonic Center
Surge Center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neurons

A

-fast response
-innervate target tissue
-high localized concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endocrine

A

-slower
-remote tissue location
-responsive at low hormone concentrations
-long lasting with continuous hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypohphalamic Hyposeal Portal system

A

Release GnRH to cells of AL and the AL releases the hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypothalamic Posterior Pituitary

A

No Portal system
Neurohormones deposited directly in posterior lobe of pituitary
Directly to blood in PL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AL Hormones

A

FSH, LH, Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PL Hormones
Oxytocin
26
Uterus Hormones
PGF2A
27
Placenta
CG (chorionic gonadatropins) progesterone and Estrogen
28
Gonads
Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone Activin Inhibin Prostaglandis
29
Sexual Promotion
Secreted by gonads to stimulate: repro tract hypothal AP)
30
Pregnancy Maintenance
CG-recognition of pregnancy Placental Lactogen (promote mammary gland)
31
Luteolysis
Destruction of CL (PGf2A)
32
Peptide #
neuropeptide oxytocin- octapeptide GnRH- decapeptide
33
Protein
Long Folded Peptide Prolactin
34
Glycoprotein
Peptide+carbs amount of carb determines 1/2 life complex and high weight >1 peptide chain FSH, LH, actviin, inhibin, CG
35
Steroids
4 Rings, from cholestrol progesterone testosterone 5a-DHT estrogen
36
Prostaglandins
PGF2 and PGE2 PGF2- lowers BP, maintains CL PGE2 increases BP and degrades CL In uterus, seminal plasma, 20 carbon fatty acid labor induction abortion postpartum bleeding
37
Pheromones
outside body secretion opposite sex notice in heat animals
38
Hormone Receptor Parts
Extracellular Domain transmembrane domain intracellular domain
39
Steroid Hormone Receptor Actions
1) steroid transport in blood 2) Move through cell membrane and cytoplasm 3) Bind to Nuclear Receptors 4) Initiation of mRNA transcription
40
How long hormone effect lasts depends on
metabolism
41
+ vs - feedback
+ stimulates GnRH nuerons - Inhibits GnRH neurons
42
Tropic Hormones
Hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target
43
Episodic
neurhormone high secretion spikes
44
Basal
Low constant secretion
45
Sustained
consistent steady long period progesterone
46
Hypothalamic Releasing Hormone
Released from nuclei Portal Vessels > AP > AP Hormones Do not go into portal seal system
47
Hypothalamus Neurohormone
Released directly into blood in PL Enters generalized circulation (portal system) oxytocin
48
Ovulation Cycle
Follicular Phase, Midcycle, Luteal, Follicular (slide 7)
49
Follicular Phase
Increase GnRH secretion LH inc FSH decr
50
Luteal Phase
lower GnRH secretion LH decr FSH incr
51
GnRH neuropeptide pulsation
52
Steroids
metabolized in liver (inactive)
53
Protein Hormones
Degraded in liver and kidney
54
Blood Concentration of Hormone
Secreted Hormone - metabolized hormone
55
Prostaglandin F2a control of Luteolysis
ANIMALS produced in uterine myometrium, helps CL digression HUMANS PGF2a produced in CL, removing uterus has no affect
56
Steroid metabolism
conjugated in liver -glucuronidation -sulfation
57
Receptor Density
Target Tissue - cell type -up/down regulation - animal condition and nutrition
58
Agonist
Binds to and activates the receptor for biological response
59
Antagonist
Blocks agonist action
60
Inverse Agonist
Causes action opposite of the agonist
61
Hypogonadism
reduction or no hormone secretion from gonads -menopause -andropause
62
Hormones can be detected in
Blood, urine, saliva, sweat, tears RIA or ELISA
63
ELISA Types
Direct, Indirect, Sandwich, Competitive
64
Tonic Center
sensitive to negative feedback from steroid hormones
65
Surge Center
sensitive to positive feedback from estradiol responsible for LH surge lost in embryogenesis for males due to testosterone
66
aFP
-made in embryo yoke -fetal blood osmotic reg and carrier of fatty acids --binds with ESTARDIOL NOT testosterone
67
Loss of Surge Center
testosterone crosses blood-brain barrier converted to estradiol via aramotase exposure to estradiol blocks surge dvpmt
68
Ultradian Rhythm
recurrent period more than once 24 Hrs LH
69
Circadian Rhythm
one cycle in 24 hours (MALE) testosterone
70
Infradian Rhythm
periods longer than 1 day (menstrual cycle) LH
71
GnRH neurons are metabolically regulated
Leptin (responsive/kisspeptin neurons) Blood Glucose Blood Fatty Acid
72
Leptin
hormone secreted by fat mutation of leptin=diabetes bc appetite up also required for puberty- need enough fat leptin injection incr LH pulse frequency

ACBS Reproductive (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions