Exam 3

Question 1

Epogolottis

Answer 1

protects airway
keeps food from getting in airway

Question 2

larynx

Answer 2

voice box
protects airway

Question 3

nose

Answer 3

filters particles
humidifies air

Question 4

sinuses

Answer 4

helps keep everything moist

Question 5

diaphrgam

Answer 5

primary resp muscle

Question 6

Characteristics of restrictive disorders

Answer 6

decrease lung capacity or compliance

Question 7

Characteristics of obstructive disorders

Answer 7

problems moving air into & out of lungs

Question 8

Examples of restrictive disorders

Answer 8

Arthritis
Scoliosis, Kyphosis
pneumothorax
pulmonary fibrosis
neurological disorders
ascites
pleural effusion

Question 9

examples of obstructive disorders

Answer 9

asthma
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
tumors in lungs
COPD
obstructive sleep apnea
Cystic fibrosis
ARDS

Question 10

what is COPD

Answer 10

obstructive airway disease
increased residual volume in the lungs

Question 11

treatment of COPD

Answer 11

bronchodilators, antiinflammatory agents
smoking cessation
influenza & pneumococcal vaccines
Keep O2 between 88-92

Question 12

meds for pulmonary TB

Answer 12

Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin
Ethambutol

Question 13

vitamins for treatment of pulmonary TB

Answer 13

Vit D- prevent latent becoming active; shortens recovery

Vit C- makes TB meds more effective

Question 14

purpose of tracheal suctioning

Answer 14

to facilitate breathing & to allow for an adequate exchange of CO2 & O2

Question 15

signs of labored brathing

Answer 15

Dyspnea
Hypo/Hypercapnia
coughing
decreased RR
accessory muscle use

Question 16

best time to collect sputum specimen

Answer 16

morning, when they first wake up

Question 17

what is a bronchoscopy

Answer 17

inspects bronchi

used to remove foreign objects or mucous plugs

biopsy lesions

Question 18

pre-op instructions for bronchoscopy

Answer 18

pre-op sedation
NPO 6hr prior
local or topical anesthetic
admin O2
check consent form
insure IV access

Question 19

expected findings of bronchoscopy

Answer 19

no redness, swelling, no discharge

Question 20

what is laryngoscopy

Answer 20

exam of larynx and vocal cords

to detect or remove lesions, polyps, or foreign bodies or to obtain biopsy specimens or tissue for culture

Question 21

pre-op instructions for laryngoscopy

Answer 21

NPO for several hrs prior
admin procedure meds: sedation & local or general anesthetic
monitor resp status, have O2 ready
advise room will be darkened
Explain that mild sore throat and hoarseness may occur

Question 22

expected findings of laryngoscopy

Answer 22

feely moving vocal cords
smooth mucosal lining

Question 23

what to do if resp depression occurs during laryngoscopy

Answer 23

stop procedure
stabilize patient
provide O2
maintain patent airway
monitor vitals

Question 24

what is treatment for viral pharyngitis

Answer 24

rest
warm saline gargles
throat lozenges
antiseptic sprays
plenty of fluids
mild analgesic for aches & joints

Question 25

what is sinus infection

Answer 25

inflammation of mucosal lining of the sinuses

Question 26

S&S of sinus infection

Answer 26

headache fever malaise tenderness over sinuses purulent drainage nasal obstruction nonproductive cough upper teeth painful

Question 27

S&S of infectious pneumonia

Answer 27

high fever accompanied by chills cough with rusty/ blood-flecked sputum sweating chest pain worsened by resp movements general malise aching muscles

Question 28

S&S of atypical pneumonia

Answer 28

normal/subnormal temp breath sounds- normal or occasional crackles/wheezes diffuse, patchy areas on lungs headache abd pain diarrhea myalgias

Question 29

signs of resp distress

Answer 29

dyspnea tachypnea tachycardia hypoxemia fine, scattered crackles

Question 30

breath sounds of aspiration pneumonia and location

Answer 30

crackles or crepitus wheezing right bronchus because it is more upright and wider

Question 31

how do strokes affect breathing

Answer 31

dysphagia damage to resp muscles resp arrest shallow/labored breathing irregular breathing pattern

Question 32

S&S of PE

Answer 32

depend on size & location dyspnea chest pain cough hemoptysis anxiety hypotension tachycardia confusion

Question 33

S&S of throat cancer

Answer 33

hoarseness lasting more than 3 wks sore throat lasts more than 2 wks consistent pain in/around ear when swallowing

Question 34

S&S of lung cancer

Answer 34

initially: cough & wheezing later: pain/discomfort in chest, exertional dyspnea, expectoration of blood-streaked sputum

Question 35

Meds for asthma

Answer 35

Bronchodilators: relax smooth muscle of bronchi (Albuterol) inhaled glucosteroids or corticosteroids: open alveoli up anticholerginics- relaxes the muscles in the airway (atrovent)

Question 36

symptoms of asthma

Answer 36

wheezing difficulty breathing coughing- worse at night chest tightness

Question 37

signs of resp issues

Answer 37

club fingers- 1st indicator exhaling through pursed lips flaring nostrils barrel chest amount of pillows used to prop them up at night