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NCA1 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of skin

A

protective covering over entire surface of body
keratin= waterproof
provides a barrier to bacteria and other invading organisms
protects underlying tissues from thermal, chemical, mechanical injury
helps regulate body temp
converts ultraviolet rays to Vit D

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2
Q

skin biopsy

A

removing a sample of tissue from a skin lesion

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3
Q

shave biopsy

A

shaving top layer off a lesion that rises above the skin line

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4
Q

punch biopsy

A

removing core from the center of the lesion

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5
Q

excisional

A

excising the entire lesion

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6
Q

Culture and sensitivity tests use

A

If a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection of the skin is suspected, culture and sensitivity tests can be used to identify the causative organism

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7
Q

Microscopic tests use

A

can identify fungal, bacterial, and viral organisms

scrapings are suspended in oil and examined under a microscope

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8
Q

special light inspection

A

Woodlight is a UV light that can detect erythrasma

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9
Q

erythrasma

A

a superficial infection of the skin

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10
Q

skin patch testing

A

3 forms of testing usually done on the forearm or back

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11
Q

3 types of skin patch testing

A

prick testing
patch testing
intradermal injection

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12
Q

patch testing

A

left on for days

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13
Q

intradermal injection

A

if a WHEAL occurs the test is positive

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14
Q

WHEAL

A

smooth, elevated area that is pale or red

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15
Q

What is used to classify skin tears

A

Payne-Martin Classification System

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16
Q

Category I skin tears

A

a skin tear without tissue loss
edges can be realigned

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17
Q

category II skin tears

A

Edges can not be realigned

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18
Q

category III skin tears

A

a skin tear with complete tissue loss in which the epidermal flap is missing

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19
Q

risk factors for skin tears

A

dry skin with dehydration
areas of ecchymoses
presence of friction, shearing, or pressure from bed or chair
impaired sensory perception
impaired mobility
prolonged use of corticosteroids

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20
Q

interventions for skin tears

A

protective clothing- long sleeves & pants
maintain fluid & nutrition
apply moisture barrier twice daily
Use a lift sheet to prevent friction during transfers

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21
Q

Macule

A

circumscribed, flat area with a change in skin color

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22
Q

macule examples

A

freckles
petechiae
measles
flat mole

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23
Q

papule

A

elevated, solid lesion

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24
Q

papule examples

A

wart
elevated moles
lipoma

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25
vesicle
circumscribed, superficial collection of serous fluid
26
vesicle examples
herpes (shingles) Varicella (chicken pox) second degree burn
27
plaque
circumscribed, elevated superficial, solid lesion
28
plaque examples
psoriasis actinic keratoses
29
wheal
firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area, diameter variable
30
wheal examples
insect bite urticaria (Hives)
31
pustule
elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid
32
pustule examples
acne impetigo
33
Keloid
damaged skin tissue causing scar tissue to hypertrophy A thick ridge of scar tissue stands up from the surrounding skin
34
Keratoses
wartlike, greasy lesion on the trunk, arms, scalp, and face
35
sun most hazardous time
10 am- 2pm
36
cold light
light is transmitted through a quartz or plastic structure to dissipate the heat
37
wood light
specially designed UV light useful to diagnose fungal infections of scalp and chronic bacterial infection of the major folds of the skin
38
open dressings
must be changed repeatedly and are never allowed to dry
39
closed dressings
thoroughly soaked with prescribed solution and wrapped with an airtight, waterproof material
40
contact dermatitis
delayed allergic response involving cell-mediated immunity
41
atopic dermatitis
ecaema
42
stasis dermatitis
occurs on legs as a result of venous stasis and edema
43
seborrheic dermatitis
common inflammation involving the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear canals, nasolabial folds, axillae, chest, and back
44
teaching for contact dermatits
to avoid contact irritants and properly care for skin proper way to apply topical agents avoid becoming hot, bathe in tepid water, and not puncture vesicles Pat your skin dry rather than rub it.
45
psoriasis
noncontagious, chronic, recurring skin disorder that typically appears as inflamed, edematous skin lesions covered with adherent silvery-white scale
46
Medications for psoriasis
steroid creams sunlight in moderate doses Calcipotriene (Dovonex) Vit D analog cream PUVA antimetabolites (Methotrexate) Acitretin (Soriatane) Brodalumab (Siliq) infliximab etanercept efalizumab alefacept
47
Tar preparations for psoriasis
act to impede the proliferation of skin cells admin in form of baths, topical applications, shampoos combined with artificial UV radiation
48
psoriasis teaching interventions
instruction about the nature of their disease, teaching about the purpose of the prescribed treatment, and information about ways to avoid aggravating it.
49
cellulitis
an infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and is generally caused by staphylococcus
50
furuncles
inflammations of hair follicles
51
carbuncles
a collection of boils that have multiple pus heads
52
herpes simplex
virus is imbedded in a nerve ganglion that innervates the site of the lesion
53
treatment for herpes simplex virus
topical and oral acyclovir (Zovirax) Famciclovir (Famvir) Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
54
what do anti-viral end in
ovir
55
vaccines for herpes zoster
varicella shingrex
56
precautions for scabies
contact isolation
57
risks for scabies
homeless shelters communal living
58
head lice treatments
fine-toothed comb prevent reinfestation med: permethrin
59
skin cancer risk factors
sunburn blue-eyed blondes and redhead white complexion
60
skin cancer instructions to prevent
use appropriate protective sunscreen
61
ABCD assessment meaning
A- asymmetrical B- border C- color D- diameter
62
ABCD assessment used for
skin cancer
63
prevention of pressure ulcers
pressure relief positioning padding use of pressure relief devices adequate nutrition excellent skin care
64
what scale is used for pressure ulcers
braden scale
65
stage I pressure injury
red, deep pink intact skin nonblanchable
66
stage II pressure injury
partial thickness skin loss involves dermis and/or epidermis warm to touch blistered/abraded/shallow crater surrounding skin is red
67
stage III pressure injury
full skin loss crater like ulcer subcutaneous tissue involved bacterial infection at this stage drainage
68
Stage IV pressure injury
necrotic tissue possible muscle, bone involved dry, oozing of dead cells depth can be determined
69
unstageable pressure injury
full thickness eschar can't tell depth tissue is dead
70
deep tissue injury
intact skin purple/maroon discoloration tissue may be firm, boggy, painful, cool, or warm blanchable
71
labs looked at for pressure injuries
zinc Vit A, C, E
72
Negative pressure wound therapy advantages
speeds healing time
73
epidermal burns
1st degree burns only superficial epidermal layer don't need treatment
74
superficial partial-thickness wounds
2nd degree will heal by itself if no further injury occurs from either infection or inappropriate treatment
75
Deep partial-thickness wounds
2nd degree tissue through lower layer of dermis will require surgical treatment
76
full-thickness wounds
3rd degree all layers of skin and destruction of epidermal appendages will require grafts
77
severe sunburn classification
superficial
78
culture and sensitivity education
used to know what antibiotic they need
79
diphenhydramine adverse effects
drowsiness dizziness impaired coordination headache
80
jaundice on a dark skinned person
eyes, mouth
81
emollient cream
moisten and protect skin especially in older adults
82
shear injury example
pulling across sheet and not lifting
83
pruritus treatment
avoid irritant good skin lubrication preservation of skin moisture control of inflammation and itching topical agents corticosteroids
84
beige with fishy odor of purulent exudate
proteus
85
brown with a fecal odor of purulent exudate
Bacteroides
86
creamy yellow of purulent exudate
staphylococcus
87
green-blue with fruity odor of purulent exudate
pseudomonas
88
when do we get a culture on a wound
strong odor color change dark red/brown redness around edges extending to unburned skin texture change exudate and purulent drainage sloughing of the graft
89
wound treatment medications
antimicrobial ointments analgesia

NCA1 (16 decks)

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