Ways to remember

Question 1

Hyperkalemia

Answer 1

tight and contracted
M- muscle cramps
U- urine abnormalities
R- respiratory distress
D- decreased cardiac contractility
E- EKG changes
R- reflexes

Question 2

Hypokalemia

Answer 2

low & slow
A- alkalosis

S- shallow respirations
I- irritability
C- confusion and drowsiness

W- weakness and fatigue
A- arrhythmias
L- lethargy
T- thready pulse

Question 3

Hypernatremia

Answer 3

Big & bloated
F- fever
R- restlessness
I- increased BP
E- edema
D- decreased urinary output

S- skin flushed
A- agitation
L- low grade fever
T- thirst

Question 4

Hyponatremia

Answer 4

Depressed & Deflated
S- stupor/coma
A- anorexia
L- lethargy
T- tendon reflexes decreased

L- limp muscles
O- orthostatic hypotension
S- seizures
S- stomach cramping

Question 5

Hypercalcemia

Answer 5

B- bone pain
A- arrhythmias
C- cardiac arrest
K- kidney stones

M- muscle weakness
E- excessive urination

Question 6

Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

C- convulsions
R- reflexes hyperactive
A- arrhythmias
M- muscle spasms
P- positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s
S- sensation of tingling/numbness

Question 7

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 7

R- renal failure
O- over-correction of hypomagnesemia
M- magnesium containing meds
E- excessive dietary intake

Question 8

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 8

S- seizures
T- tetany
A- anorexia & arrhythmias
R- rapid HR
V- vomiting
E- emotional lability
D- deep tendon reflexes increased

Question 9

Hypothyroidism

Answer 9

M- memory loss
O- obesity
M- malar flush/ menorrhagia
S- slowness

S- skin and hair become dry
O- onset is gradual

T- tired
I- intolerance to cold
R- raised BP
E- energy levels low
D- depressed

Question 10

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 10

S- sweating
W- weight loss
E- emotional liability
A- appetite is increased
T- tremor/tachycardia
I- intolerance to heat/ irregular menstruation
N- nervousness
G- goitre & GI problems