EXAM 3

Question 1

Non-synovial joints

Answer 1

Non moveable joints

Question 2

Synovial Joints

Answer 2

Moveable joints

Question 3

Cartilage joints

Answer 3

Provides cushion for bones

Question 4

Bursa

Answer 4

Enclosed sac filled with fluid

Question 5

Moving a joint in a circular motion

Answer 5

Circumspection

Question 6

Subjective Data (5)

Answer 6

1. Joints- Pain/stiffness, swelling, redness/heat, movement, limitation
2. Muscles- Pain/cramping, weakness
3. Bones- Pain, deformity, trauma
4. Functional Ability- is the client safe to live independently>
5. Self-Care Behavior- exercise, occupational risk

Question 7

For infants and children, what musculoskeletal considerations should you consider:

Answer 7

Milestones
Broken bones
Bone deformity

Question 8

For adolescents, what musculoskeletal considerations should you be aware of:

Answer 8

School sports

Question 9

For the Aging Adult, what musculoskeletal considerations should you be aware of:

Answer 9

Self-care deficit
Safety risk
Loss of function

Question 10

there are ___ vertebrae

Answer 10

33

Question 11

Cartilage begins to form at ___ months gestation

Answer 11

3 months gestation

Question 12

growth plates close at __ years old

Answer 12

20 years old

Question 13

the aging adult is at risk for:

Answer 13

• osteoporosis- common in women bc of estrogen loss and menopause
• bone degeneration from lack of vitamin D & calcium

Question 14

joint pain that occurs later in the day and worsens as the day progresses. Cartilage wears down and causes bone to rub together

Answer 14

Osteoarthritis

Question 15

When antibodies attack healthy tissue and cells. Affects several organs in the body

Answer 15

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 16

fluid within a joint

Answer 16

effusion

Question 17

Deformities of the musculoskeletal system (4)

Answer 17

1. Dislocation- 1 or more joints out of position
2. Subluxation- partial dislocation
3. Contracture- shortening of the muscle (limited ROM)
4. Ankylosis- excess fluid on joint makes stiff

Question 18

When palpating each joint, what should you be feeling for?

Answer 18

1. temp
2. muscle attachment
3. bony articulations
4. Joint Capsule (feeling for crepitus)

Question 19

Palpable fluid is abnormal and feels ____

Answer 19

boggy

Question 20

Range of Motion can be:

Answer 20

1. Active- (preferred)

2. Passive

Question 21

Grades of ROM

Answer 21

1. (5)- full ROM against resistance
2. (4)- full ROM against gravity; some resistance (75%)
3. (3)- full ROM with gravity (50%)
4. (2)-full ROM without gravity (Passive ROM) (25%)
5. (1)- slight contraction (10%)
6. (0)- no contraction

Question 22

What are the 2 tests for carpal tunnel?

Answer 22

1. Phalen’s test- hold back of hands together @ 90 degrees

2. Tinel Test- press down on carpal nerve of wrist

Question 23

What test assesses for any fluid in the patella/knee joint?

Answer 23

Ballottement of the patella

R hand push patella sharply against femur

Question 24

what you suspect a patient has a herniated disc, what test do you do?

Answer 24

Straight leg raise

70 degrees

Question 25

When checking for hip dislocation in infants, what 2 tests do you do?

Answer 25

1. Allis Test- feet on floor, knees flexed. (see a height difference) 2. Ortolani's maneuver- abduction, adduction of hips (popping or hip dislocation)

Question 26

what is common in children that have rickets or vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 26

Lordosis

Question 27

What is the difference between Genu Varum and Genu Valgum

Answer 27

Varum- "bow legged" usually resolves over time, don't need corrective action Valgum- "knock kneed" as child grows it should resolve

Question 28

Genu Valgum occurs between ___ and ___ years old

Answer 28

2-3.5 yrs old

Question 29

What are the 2 biggest considerations you need to take into account in pregnancy

Answer 29

1. Lordosis- anterior flexion, kyphosis, slumped shoulders | 2. Waddling gait- relaxation of pelvic girdle, protuberant abdomen

Question 30

Aging adult considerations for musculoskeletal system

Answer 30

``` decrease in height changes in posture kyphosis prominent bony prominences arthritic changes ```

Question 31

Osteoarthritis

Answer 31

- unilateral - noninflammatory - Heberden and Bouchard's nodes

Question 32

nodes on the middle knuckle

Answer 32

Bouchard's nodes

Question 33

nodes on the distal knuckle (closest to nail bed)

Answer 33

Heberden's nodes

Question 34

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 34

systemic, bilateral (happens on both sides) swan neck fingers boutonnier deformity ulnar deviation

Question 35

caused by a renal insufficiency and buildup of uric acid

Answer 35

gout