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Health Assessment > Skin, Hair & nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair & nails Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

largest organ on your body

A

skin

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2
Q

3 layers of skin:

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous
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3
Q

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

A

E: outer layer, sheds every 4 weeks
D: connective & elastic tissue. Nerves, blood vessels & lymphatic system
S: fat

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4
Q

2 techniques for examining skin:

A
  1. Inspection

2. Palpation

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5
Q

Skin purposes:

A
  • protection from water loss
  • sensory: touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure
  • Largest organ of body
  • emotional state, vitamin D, cholesterol etc
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6
Q

Fine, downy hair present at birth

A

Lanugo

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7
Q

a cheesy substance that babies come out of vagina with. Prevents water loss & protects infants skin from amniotic fluid

A

Vernix Caseosa

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8
Q

dark line thats midline on abdomen of pregnant woman

A

linea nigra

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9
Q

Chloasma

A

hyperpigmentation on facial area of pregnant females due to changes in hormones

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10
Q

Striae Gravidarum

A

Medical term for stretch marks

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11
Q

Bruising caused by mild trauma in older adults

A

senile purpura

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12
Q

Xerosis

A

excessively dry skin thats common in hypothyroid patients

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13
Q

Excessive sweating (diapharesis) is common in pat’s who have:

A 
hyperthyroidism
menopause pt
MI pt
Withdrawal pt
Infection
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14
Q

what to look for on skin upon inspection & palpation:

A
  1. Color- pigmentation & color changes
  2. Temp- hypo or hyperthermia
  3. moisture- sweating or dehydration
  4. texture
  5. thickness
  6. edema
  7. mobility and tugor
  8. vascularity or bruising
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15
Q

type of lesion that shows up on unaltered skin

A

primary lesion

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16
Q

type of lesion that comes from an infection or scratching of skin

A

Secondary lesion

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17
Q

flat skin lesion (less than 1cm) with only a color change ex: freckles

A

Macule

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18
Q

Palpable skin lesion smaller than (1cm or less) Ex: Wart

A

Papule

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19
Q

Macule that is >1cm. Ex: Magnolia spot

A

Patch

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20
Q

skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together (wider than 1cm). Ex: Psoriasis

A

Plaque

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21
Q

Hard or soft lesion that is elevated and greater than 1cm. Ex: Fibroma

A

Nodule

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22
Q

Irregular shaped, raised red, skin lesion due to interstitial fluid Ex: Mosquito bite

A

Wheal

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23
Q

Urticaria

A

(hives)

reaction to meds

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24
Q

Blister

A

Vesicle

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25
Bulla
contact dermititis
26
fluid filled cavity
Cyst
27
Acne with puss in it or abcess
Pustule
28
Types of purpuric lesions:
1. Petechiae 2. Purpura 3. Hematoma 4. Ecchymosis
29
Type of Purpuric lesion: less than 2mm, round, discrete, dark red, and don't blanch. From an infection and abnormal clotting
Petechiae
30
Type of Purpuric lesion: Extensive patches of petechiae, don't blanch.
Purpura
31
Type of Purpuric lesion: Trauma induced; bleeding and liver disorders. Various color changes depending on stage of healing.
Ecchymosis
32
Secondary lesions are due to:
scratching or infection | ex: crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoration, keloid, Lichenification
33
- Shallow depression in skin. Superficial blister that's burst - Deep depression in skin that extends into dermis. irregular shaped
Erosion | Ulcer
34
What happens to a pt's mouth when they have too much saliva (usually from dentures)
Fissure in corners of mouth
35
tightly packed set of papules that makes skin becomes thick. Usually seen in older adults. Caused by excessive scratching
Lichenification
36
How do you identify suspicious lesions?
``` A,B,C,D,E's Asymmetry Border irregularity Color varied Diameter larger Elevated ```
37
Infant skin development considerations:
1. Mongolian Spot- dark birthmark 2. Cafe au lait- more than 6 spots: neurological abnormality 3. Milia- build up of cebum. looks like baby acne
38
Senile Lentigines
liver spots
39
Seborrheic Keratoses
little warts on skin. scale/crusty from sun exposure. Nonmalignant but can turn malignant
40
Acrochordons
^ skin tags from overgrowth of skin tissue
41
healthy nail bed angle?
160 degrees
42
capillary refill should be ___ seconds or less
2 seconds
43
thick toenails: | discoloration of nails:
fungal infection | infection or trauma from blood under nail bed
44
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage 1
- starts as a small red spot - press down on spot, doesn't change color (unblanchable) - on boney prominence
45
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage II
- "Partial thickness" - an actual break in the skin & loss of epidermis and dermis of skin - looks like a blister that has burst
46
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage III
- "Full thickness" | - loss of: epidermis, dermis, & subcutaneous
47
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage IV
- "Full thickness skin loss" - Affects all layers of skin. goes all the way through the bone - necrosis of tissue - need to pack wound to eat away dead tissue
48
Squamous cell carcinoma | Basal cell carcinoma
- caused by preceeding mole | - slow growth, round borders, inside is reddish
49
redness to area of body and caused by bacterial infection
Cellulitis
50
localized inflammation due to allergen contact from environment
Contact dermititis
51
autoimmune allergic alteration that is itchy and usually seen behind knees.
Eczema
52
Tinea Corporis
"Ringworm" | white scaley, circular lesion. easy to pass from person to person
53
Bright red, raised patch or lesion on skin of kids. Disappears between 5-7yrs old and is caused by immature blood vessels clumped together that you can see through skin
Strawberry mark
54
A bacterial infection that is easy to spread from person to person and caused by an infected cut or mosquito bite. Needs to be on "contact isolation"
Impetigo
55
Two chronic skin conditions:
1. Eczema | 2. Psoriasis
56
"butterfly rash"
Lupus rash
57
a Unilateral rash that tracks in a linear direction across body
Shingles
58
Pink color rash that is caused by viral infection and contracted through droplet contact. Starts in face then moves to other areas of body
Rubella
59
A more severe rash that lasts 10-12 days. Ruby/purple rash that doesn't appear until 3rd or 4th day of illness
Rubeola
60
Onchyomycosis
Fungal infection of nails
61
self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
excoriation

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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