Eye

Question 1

adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens

Answer 1

acommodation

Question 2

unequal pupil size

Answer 2

Aniscoria

Question 3

pupil doesn’t respond to light; doesn’t constrict with acommodation

Answer 3

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Question 4

refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye

Answer 4

Astigmatism

Question 5

infection of the conjunctiva

Answer 5

Conjunctivitis

“pink eye”

Question 6

double vision

perception of 2 images of a single object

Answer 6

Diplopia

Question 7

tough outter covering of eye

Answer 7

sclera

Question 8

transparent covering of iris, pupil and interior chambers of eye

Answer 8

Cornea

Question 9

the middle vascular part of eye that delivers blood to retina

Answer 9

choroid

Question 10

Part of the retina. Area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter

Answer 10

Optic Disc

Question 11

Part of the retina. Round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision from central vision field and has a part that has the “keenest vision”

Answer 11

Macula (fovea)

Question 12

Visual Reflexes:

Answer 12

1. Pupillary Light Reflex- bring light from side of head
2. Fixation- focus on pen light or distant object
3. Accommodation- adaptation to near vision

Question 13

Pupillary Light Reflex (2 parts)

Answer 13

1. Direct Light Reflex- constriction of that eye (light being shun into it)
2. Consensual Light Reflex- constriction of opposite pupil with other eye

Question 14

Commonly, babies are given what at birth?

Answer 14

Antibiotics

just incase mom passed on a vaginal infection

Question 15

Geriatric considerations

Answer 15

• lose peripheral vision
• need glaucoma testing every 1-2 years
• cataracts
• ^ tear production with age
• decreased activity

Question 16

You’re at a higher risk of developing glaucoma if:

Answer 16

you have a 1st degree relative with glaucoma

Question 17

Cross eyed

Answer 17

Stabismus

Question 18

What are the 2 assessments of eye function?

Answer 18

1. Snellen Chart- stand 20 ft away and read the letters

2. E chart- same thing but for those who can’t read

Question 19

Nearsightedness

Answer 19

Myopia

Question 20

Farsightedness

Answer 20

Hyperopia

Question 21

Curvature of cornea so that light comes into eye doesn’t focus into the retina (blurred vision)

Answer 21

Astigmatism

Question 22

What test, test’s for near vision?

Answer 22

Jaegar Card

Question 23

decrease in power of accommodation (cant see really close.. have to back up)

Answer 23

Presbyopia

Question 24

Extraocular Muscle Assessment: (2)

Answer 24

1. Corneal Light Reflex- reflection of light in same spot on eyes
2. Cover Test- have them cover 1 eye. looking for deviation/movement of uncovered eye

Question 25

How do you test the extraocular muscles of the eye?

Answer 25

Diagnostic Positions Tests: 6 Cardinal Fields of Gaze

Question 26

involuntary rhythmic movement of eyes

Answer 26

Nystagmus

Question 27

What 3 layers make up the eye?

Answer 27

1. sclera 2. choroid 3. Retina

Question 28

a biconvex disc located just posterior to the pupil that helps retina focus light

Answer 28

lens

Question 29

visual receptive layer of eye where light waves are changed into nerve impulses

Answer 29

retina

Question 30

____ vision is intact in newborn infants

Answer 30

peripheral vision

Question 31

the ___ is absent at birth but is developing by ___ months and is mature by ___ months

Answer 31

macula 4 months 8 months

Question 32

When does an infant establish binocularity and can fixate on a single image with both eyes simultaneously?

Answer 32

3-4 months

Question 33

most babies are born ___ which decreases by age 7-8.

Answer 33

farsighted

Question 34

By the age of 40's a person often has:

Answer 34

blurred vision and difficulty reading

Question 35

In older adults, the most common causes of decreased visual functioning are:

Answer 35

1. Cataract- clouding of lens from clumping proteins 2. Glaucoma- optic nerve neuropathy, loss of peripheral vision 3. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)- loss of central vision from yellow deposits (drusen) 4. Diabetic Retinopathy- vision impairment

Question 36

leading cause of blindness in working-age adults 25-74yrs old

Answer 36

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 37

a blind spot surrounded by healthy, normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma and optic nerve disorders

Answer 37

Scotoma

Question 38

Glaucoma is characterized by:

Answer 38

increased intraocular pressure

Question 39

in the snellen eye test, what does 20/20 mean?

Answer 39

top 20- how far you're standing from the chart (20ft) | bottom number- the distance at which a normal eye read that particular line

Question 40

the confrontation test is screening for:

Answer 40

loss of peripheral vision | compares pt's peripheral vision with your own

Question 41

in an older adult, failure to pass the confrontation test means:

Answer 41

loss of peripheral vision & gluacoma!

Question 42

Asymmetry of the Corneal light reflex indicates:

Answer 42

deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 43

Nystagmus occurs with disease of the ___ ____ in the ears, a ___ eye muscle, ____ _____, or brain ____.

Answer 43

semicircular canals paretic eye muscle multiple sclerosis brain lesions

Question 44

lid lag is caused by?

Answer 44

hyperthryroidism

Question 45

in infants: purulent discharged caused by a chemical irritant, bacterial, or viral agent from the birth canal.

Answer 45

Opthalmia Neonatorum

Question 46

In older adults, an increased risk of falls and fracture occurs with a distance visual acuity of __/__ or greater

Answer 46

20/25