Thorax & Lungs

Question 1

marks the site of tracheal bifurcation in the right and left main bronchi

Answer 1

angle of Louis

Question 2

The middle R lobe can be osciltated between the __ and __ rib

Answer 2

7th and 8th rib

Question 3

where gas exchange take place

Answer 3

Acinus

lower respiratory system

Question 4

4 major functions of the respiratory system

Answer 4

1. supply O2
2. excrete CO2
3. Heat Exchange
4. PH regulations (7.35-7.45)

Question 5

At age ___ our respiratory system is fully developed

Answer 5

age 20

Question 6

Infant’s normal respiratory rate is between __ and ___ breaths per minute

Answer 6

30-40

Question 7

Newborns are obligate __ ___. Until around __ months

Answer 7

nose breathers until around 3 months old

Question 8

pregnant females experience a ___% increase in tidal volume

Answer 8

40%

increase in deep breathing

Question 9

Cough:
yellow-greenish:
blood:
blood tinged, yellow, rustic color:
clear:
non productive:
pink frothy:

Answer 9

bacterial 
tumor, cancer
TB, pneumonia
viral
ace inhibitor
respiratory: pulmonary edema, heart failure

Question 10

Where do you feel for chest wall expansion? between ribs __ and __

Answer 10

T9 and T10

Question 11

the term for palpable vibrations

Answer 11

tactile fremitus

Question 12

increased tactile fremitus is a result of

Answer 12

pneumonia

Question 13

decreased tactile fremitus is a result of

Answer 13

obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, emphysema.
Any barrier that comes between the sound and your palm

Question 14

If you hear dull sounds over lungs that means:

Answer 14

fluid or mass

Question 15

If you hear hyperrosanant sounds over lungs:

Answer 15

children (common)

pneumothorax, emphysema in adults

Question 16

Percussing Diaphragmatic excursion:

Answer 16

percuss from bottom of lob until you hear a dull sound. Mark the difference in height
** should be between 3-5 cm**
If above 3-5 cm: pleural effusion

Question 17

Normal breathing sounds:
bronchial
bronchiovesicular
vesicular

Answer 17

bronchial: loud, high pitched- short on inhalation, long expiration
bronchiovesicular: medium pitched- heard on both
vesicular: soft, low pitched- long on inhalation, short on expiration

Question 18

Voice sounds (3)

Answer 18

Bronchophony
Egophony
Whispered Pectoriloquy

Question 19

Bronchophony

Answer 19

• pt says “99”
  should hear soft sound but not distinct “99”
  ** if you hear “99” exactly: pneumonia, or ^ density of lung tissue **

Question 20

Egophony

Answer 20

• pt says long “E” sound

- if have consolidation: sound like a long “A”

Question 21

Whispered Pectoriloquy

Answer 21

• pt whispers “1,2,3”
• should sound muffled, no differentiation of 1,2,3
• if heard clearly: pneumonia or consolidation

Question 22

Forced Expiratory Time should take no longer than ___ seconds

Answer 22

4 seconds

** airflow obstruction**

Question 23

Respiratory Rates:
Newborn
1 year 
6 years
10 years
16 years
adult

Answer 23

Newborn: 30-40

1 year: 20-40
6 years: 21-26
10 years: 20-26
16 years: 12-20

Adult: 10-20

Question 24

In children, respiratory sounds are louder in the _____ area

Answer 24

bronchiovesicular area

Question 25

Abnormal Findings in chest symmestry (4)

Answer 25

1. Pectus Excavatum- sternum sunken in 2. Pectus Carinatum- sternum protrudes out 3. Scoliosis 4. Kyphosis- outward curvature of spine, chin juts forward

Question 26

Fine Crackles are usually heard in pt's who have:

Answer 26

- heart failure - bronchitis - pneumonia

Question 27

high-pitched, harsh, crowing, inspiratory sound caused by partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea.

Answer 27

Stridor

Question 28

irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea. associated with damage to medullary respiratory center or ^ intracranial pressure. (brain injury)

Answer 28

Biot's respirations

Question 29

regular but increased rate and abnormally deep respirations. Usually a compensatory mechanism for metabolic disorder that lowers blood pH.

Answer 29

Kussmaul's respirations

Question 30

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) measures:

Answer 30

1. pH 2. Partial pressure of O2 (PO2) 3. Partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) 4. saturation of O2 (SaO2) 5. bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 31

the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs with each normal breath

Answer 31

tidal volume | 500mL

Question 32

designed to encourage pt's to take deep breaths in by reaching a goal-directed volume of air.

Answer 32

incentive spirometry

Question 33

Prolonged use of high O2 concentrations does what to the lungs:

Answer 33

reduces surfactant production | which leads to alveolar collapse and reduced lung elasticity

Question 34

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli

Answer 34

Atelactis

Question 35

the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue

Answer 35

Bronchophony

Question 36

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

Answer 36

Consolidation

Question 37

(rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

Answer 37

crepitus

Question 38

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

Answer 38

friction rub

Question 39

high-pitched, muscial, squeaking adventitious lung sound

Answer 39

wheeze