Nuerologic

Question 1

Intracranial pressure is made up of:

Answer 1

1. Brain tissue (88%)
2. Cerebrospinal fluid (10%)
3. Intravascular blood (2%)

Question 2

central nervous system is made up of:

Answer 2

• brain
• brain stem
• spinal cord

Question 3

Part of your brain that controls your emotions, intellect, personality and behavior

Answer 3

Frontal lobe

Question 4

Part of your brain that controls sensations

Answer 4

parietal lobe

Question 5

part of your brain that controls vision

Answer 5

occipital lobe

Question 6

part of your brain that is your relay center for brain messages sent back and forth from cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 6

thalamus

Question 7

part of brain that controls: respiratory**

temperature, BP, HR, appetite, sex drive & sleep

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

There are ___ cranial nerves
___ motor
—- sensory
____ both

Answer 8

12 cranial nerves
5 pair motor
3 pair sensory
4 pair both

Question 9

There are \_\_\_\_ spinal nerves 
\_\_ cervical
\_\_\_\_ thoracic
\_\_\_\_ sacral 
\_\_\_\_ coccygeal

Answer 9

31 spinal nerves
7  pair cervical
12 pair thoracic
5 pair sacral
1 pair coccygeal

Question 10

Because an infants neruological system hasn’t fully developed yet, they have:

Answer 10

primitive reflexes- until 1 yr old

sensations at birth- suckling etc

Question 11

As an adult ages, the weight of their brain decreases by ____ due to:

Answer 11

15% due to loss of neurons

Question 12

Objective data to include in a neurological exam:

Answer 12

1. mental status (A/O x3)
2. Cranial Nerve tests- #3 (occular nerve)
3. Motor system- gait
4. Sensory System- hearing loss, tingling, numbness
5. Reflexes- lesions on spinal cord or brain (hyperactive)

Question 13

Types of LOC (level of consciousness (5))

Answer 13

• Alert (awake, having conversation)
• Lethargic ( drift to sleep)
• Obtunded ( difficult to wake up. loud shout/shake)
• Stupor ( semi-coma. sternal rub sometimes doesnt wake them)
• Comatose

Question 14

Three checks for mental status

Answer 14

1. LOC
2. Orientation
3. Memory (loss)

Question 15

A persons memory can be lost:

Answer 15

Immediate (2 seconds after you tell them something)
Recent (24 hours)
Remote (certain event)
Abstract ( difference between chair & car)
Confabulation ( make up info thats not real)

Question 16

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 16

Olfactory- smell

Question 17

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 17

Optic: 
visual acuity 
near vision 
visual fields 
optic disc

Question 18

Carnial Nerve III

Answer 18

Occulomotor:
close eyelids
eye movement
size of pupil

Question 19

Cranial Nerve IV (4)

Answer 19

Trochlear

downwards and inward eye movement

Question 20

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 20

Trigeminal 
motor function (clench teeth, mastoid muscle strength) 
sensory function (corneal reflex, discriminate between sharp and dull with cotton ball)

Question 21

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 21

Abducens

Outward/lateral eye movement

Question 22

PERRLA stands for:

Answer 22

Pupils are Equal, Round, and Reactive to light and Accomodation

Question 23

To test your Equal Occular Motor’s you:

Answer 23

hold a pen light and motion through 6 cardinal fields of gaze

Question 24

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 24

Facial

• Motor function: facial expressions (frown, smile etc)
• Sensory Function: identify sweet vs salty on anterior -portion of tongue

Question 25

Cranial nerve VIII

Answer 25

Acoustic - "whisper test" - "Normal Conversation"

Question 26

Cranial nerve IX

Answer 26

Glossopharyngeal - gag reflex - swallow

Question 27

Cranial nerve X

Answer 27

Vagus - gag reflex - palate and uvula movement - clear speech (light, bright, dynamite)

Question 28

Cranial nerve XI

Answer 28

Spinal Accessory | - neck & shoulder muscle strength

Question 29

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 29

Hypoglossal - tongue movement - speech

Question 30

Involuntary movement of the muscles include:

Answer 30

- Tic- constant twitching of muscles - Tremor- common in alcoholics/ back & forth movement - Chorea- sudden, rapid, jerking movement - Athetosis- continuous twitching

Question 31

Balance Tests include:

Answer 31

1. Gait ** assess first** 2. Tandem Walking (heel to toe) 3. RombergTest (stand still and look for swaying) 4. Shallow knee bend (MS or obese)

Question 32

Types of coordination and skilled movements

Answer 32

Rapid Alternating Movements Finger-To-Finger Test Finger-To-Nose Test Heel-To-Shin Test

Question 33

decrease in neuron function. Decreases pain sensation in older adults

Answer 33

Hypoalgesia

Question 34

abscense of pain

Answer 34

Analgesia

Question 35

Increased sensitivity to pain. (low tolerance)

Answer 35

Hyperalgesia

Question 36

decreased sensation to pain

Answer 36

Hypoesthesia

Question 37

absent sensation to touch

Answer 37

Anesthesia

Question 38

Hyperesthesia

Answer 38

^^ hyper response to touch

Question 39

Types of reflexes (4)

Answer 39

1. Deep Tendon- patellar knee jerk 2. Superficial- corneal reflex, abdominal 3. Visceral- pupillary response to light 4. Pathologic- abnormal (Babinski or extensor plantar reflex)

Question 40

the reflex where you stroke up side of groin and R or L side of scrotum elevates

Answer 40

``` Cremasteric Reflex (L1-L2) (superficial reflex) ```

Question 41

What two reflexes test L4-S2?

Answer 41

1. Planter Reflex in adults | 2. Babinski Reflex in kids

Question 42

The neurologic recheck has 4 steps which are:

Answer 42

1. Level of consciousness 2. Motor Function 3. Pupillary response 4. Vital signs

Question 43

loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions

Answer 43

agnosia

Question 44

loss of ability to express thoughts in writing

Answer 44

agraphia

Question 45

loss of pain sensation

Answer 45

analgesia

Question 46

loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage

Answer 46

apraxia

Question 47

inability to perform coordinated movements

Answer 47

ataxia

Question 48

bizarre, slow, twisting, writhing, movement, resembling a snake or worm

Answer 48

athetosis

Question 49

sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk or face

Answer 49

chorea

Question 50

rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to sudden stretch

Answer 50

Clonus

Question 51

bundle of fibers outside of the CNS

Answer 51

nerve

Question 52

part of brain that doesn't initiate the movement but coordinates and smooths it

Answer 52

cerebellum

Question 53

cranial nerves III through XII original from nuclei in the ___

Answer 53

brainstem

Question 54

Lower motor neurons (LMNs) that enter and exit the brain rather than the spinal cord

Answer 54

cranial nerves

Question 55

spinal nerves are mixed nerves because they contain:

Answer 55

both sensory and motor fibers

Question 56

occurs with myasthenia gravis, dysfunction of cranial nerve III or Horner syndrome

Answer 56

Ptosis (drooping of the eye)

Question 57

the cause of a sudden, unilatera, dilated, and nonreactive pupil

Answer 57

Increasing intracranial pressure

Question 58

What are common cerebellar function tests that check coordination of skilled movements?

Answer 58

- rapid alternating movements (RAM) - finger-to-finger test - finger-to-nose test - heel-to-shin test

Question 59

the inability to feel vibrations is often the first sensation lost in ___ and ___ patients

Answer 59

diabetic & alcoholics

Question 60

how do you test a persons Kinesthesia?

Answer 60

move their finger up and down then left to right. Ask them to tell you what you did. (loss of position sense)

Question 61

inability to identify objects correctly. occurs in sensory cortex lesions (stroke)

Answer 61

Astereognosis

Question 62

the ability to read a number by having it traced on the skin

Answer 62

Graphesthesia

Question 63

Deep Tendon Reflexes (5)

Answer 63

1. Biceps (C5-C6) 2. Triceps C7) 3. Brachioradialis (C5-C6) 4. Quadriceps 5. Achilles

Question 64

a set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

Answer 64

clonus

Question 65

reflexes that have sensory receptors in the skin rather than the muscle

Answer 65

superficial (cutaneous reflexes) | - abdominal, cremasteric, plantar reflex (Babinksi in babies)

Question 66

if a patient has had a stroke. Ask them to put their arms straight out infront of them with palms supine. What would you see?

Answer 66

Palmar drift | hld for 10 sec.

Question 67

normal size of pupil:

Answer 67

3-5mm

Question 68

when the HR decreases, BP ^ and pulse pressure widens

Answer 68

Cushing Reflex from ^ inter-cranial pressure

Question 69

flexion of upper extremities with extension & internal rotation of lower extremities

Answer 69

Decorticate | hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex

Question 70

Extension of upper extremities with palms pronated & extension of lower extremities

Answer 70

Decerebrate | lesion in brain stem or upper pons

Question 71

prolonged arching o fback with head and heels bent backward

Answer 71

Opisthotonos | meningeal irritation