Exam 3: AA Metabolism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 3: AA Metabolism Deck (39)
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1
Q

AA metabolism occurs in

A

Muscle

Liver

2
Q

____ are absorbed faster than smaller AA

A

BCAA

3
Q

___ and ___ absorption is more efficient than free AA absorption

A

Di- and tri-peptide

4
Q

Once in enterocyte, peptides broken down into

A

Free AA for the blood

5
Q

Low energy charge:

AA is….

A

Oxidized to recreate ATP

6
Q

Low glucose:

AA is…

A

Sent to liver to turn into glucose

7
Q

High energy charge and lots of glucose:

AA is…

A

Sent to liver and turned into fat

8
Q

AA may also be used to synthesize

A

Protein

9
Q

Alpha AA can be broken down to

A

Amino group

Carbon skeleton (alpha keto acid)

10
Q

Ketoacids can be used to make

A

ATP
CO2
Glucose
Fat

11
Q

What happens to an alpha ketoacid depends on

A

Energy charge
Hormones
Glucose concentration
Tissue

12
Q

Liver can oxidize

A

Most of the 20 AA

13
Q

Muscle can only oxidize

A

LIVGAA

14
Q

Alanine alpha ketoacid

A

Pyruvate

15
Q

Glutamine/glutamate alpha ketoacid

A

Alpha ketoglutarate

16
Q

Asparagine/aspartate alpha ketoacid

A

OAA

17
Q

2 AA that cannot turn into glucose

A

Leucine

Lysine

18
Q

BCAAs

A

LIV

19
Q

Exercise creates ___ in muscle

A

Low energy charge

20
Q

Exercise uses the ___ cycle to release glucose into the blood

A

Glucose alanine cycle

21
Q

Pyruvate —-> alanine catalyzed by

A

Alanine transaminase (ALT)

22
Q

Pyruvate cleared in the liver by ___ in GNG

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

23
Q

___ maintainers blood glucose during exercise

A

Glucose alanine cycle

24
Q

Carbons in alanine came from

A

Muscle glycogen

25
Q

Alanine may provide __ energy during exercise

A

5%

26
Q

Low intensity exercise:
No change in ___
20% decrease in ___

A

Skeletal muscle alanine concentration

Skeletal muscle glutamate concentration

27
Q

Moderate exercise:
40% decreases in ___
Increase in ___

A

Skeletal muscle glutamate concentration

Alanine concentration

28
Q

Glutamine glutamate cycle is used to

A

Export Nitrogen from muscle to the liver, GI, and immune system

29
Q

___ adds nitrogen to glutamate to create glutamine

A

Glutamine synthetase

30
Q

___ hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate

A

Glutaminase

31
Q

Most AA are released in direct proportion to relative occurrence in muscle protein EXCEPT

A

LIVGAA
Glutamine
Alanine

32
Q

Alanine and glutamine released ___ than taken in

A

More

33
Q

Alanine and glutamine are the most ____ ____ AA

A

Abundantly released

34
Q

LIVGAA are released ___ than taken in

A

Less

35
Q

Contains 2 Amino groups

A

Glutamine

36
Q

Glucogenic and ketogenic

A

PITT (sometimes threonine)

37
Q

Primarily exported by muscle

A

Alanine

Glutamine

38
Q

During exercise, muscle takes in ___ and releases __

A

Glutamate

Alanine

39
Q

Muscle often uses this AA for nitrogen donation

A

Glutamine