Exam 3: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Autonomic System

Answer 1

• System of nerves mediating INVOLUNTARY actions
• Regulated body organ activity
• Maintains normal internal functions
• Allows for varied nervous system responses in times of stress and rest

Question 2

What is the Autonomic Nervous system divided into?

Answer 2

Sympatheic

Parasympathetic

Question 3

Includes processes perciveved or controlled consiously

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System

Question 4

Includes processes regulated below consious level

Answer 4

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 5

Visceral Sensory

Answer 5

Portion of the Autonomic Nervous System:

detects stimuli from blood vessesl and interal organs

Question 6

Somatic Sensory

Answer 6

Portion of the SNS:

Detects stiuli from special senses, skin, and proprioreceptors also sends infromation to CNS

Question 7

Autonomic Motor

Answer 7

Portion of the ANS:

transmits nerve signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 8

Somatic Motor

Answer 8

Portion of the SNS:

transmits nerve signals from CNS to control skeletal muscles

Question 9

Anatomy of ANS:

2 Neuron System

Answer 9

Preganglionic neuron

Postganglionic neuron

Question 10

Preganglionic

Answer 10

Cell body in the CNS and axon extends to a ganglion

Question 11

Postganglionic Neuron

Answer 11

Cell body in ganglion and axon extends to an effector

Question 12

What characterizes the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 12

Fight of Flight

Question 13

What characterizes the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 13

Rest and Digest

Question 14

• Preganglionic neuron in brainstem or S2-S4 spinal cord
• Ganglionci Neuron innervating muscles or glands

Answer 14

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

Question 15

• Preganglionic neuron in lateral horns of T1-L2
• Ganglionic neuron innervating muscels or glands

Answer 15

Sympathetic Division of ANS

Question 16

Termed craniosacral divison

Answer 16

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

Question 17

Termed thoracolumbar division

Answer 17

Sympathetic Division of ANS

Question 18

Sympathetic Division:

Axon length

1st motor:

2nd motor:

Answer 18

1st motor: short axon

2nd motor:long axon

Question 19

Sympathetic Division

2 types of sympathetic ganglia:

Answer 19

Sympathetic Trunk (Vertebral Chain) Ganglia

Collateral (prevertebral) Ganglia

Question 20

Preveretebral (Collateral) ganglia

Answer 20

Celiac

Superior Mesenteric

Inferior Mesenteric

Aorticorenal

Renal

Question 21

What 4 ways can the postganglionic neurons leave the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 21

• Spinal nerves
• Sympathetic nerves
• Splanchnic nerves
• Adrenal medulla pathway

Question 22

Parasympathetic Division

Axon Length

1st Motor:

2nd Motor:

Answer 22

1st Motor:Long

2nd Motor:Short

Question 23

Has many collaterals- up to 20

Answer 23

Sympathetic Division

Question 24

Has few collaterals- 4 to 5

Answer 24

Parasympathetic division

Question 25

True or False The terminal ganglia are usually within the effector in the parasympathetic division.

Answer 25

**True**

Question 26

**Parasympathetic Ganglia** The cranial outflow has 4 pairs of ganglia:

Answer 26

1. *Ciliary Ganglia:* III (Occulomotor) 2. *Pterygopalatine Ganglia:* VII (Facial) 3. *Submandibular Ganglia:* VII (Facial) 4. *Otic Ganglia:* IX (Glossopharyngeal)

Question 27

X (Vagus) nerve carries nearly % of the total craniosacral flow

Answer 27

80

Question 28

**Autonomic Plexuses** The 7 types

Answer 28

* Cardiac Plexus * Pulmonary Plexus * Celiac (Solar) Plexus * Superior Mesenteric Plexus * Inferior Mesenteric Plexus * Hypogastric Plexus * Renal Plexus

Question 29

Autonomic Plexuses

Answer 29

A network of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

Question 30

Cardiac Plexus

Answer 30

Heart

Question 31

Pulmonary Plexus

Answer 31

The Bronchial tree

Question 32

Celiac Plexus

Answer 32

Largest Supplies the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and adrenal medullae

Question 33

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

Answer 33

Small intestin and proximal colon

Question 34

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus

Answer 34

Distal Colon and rectum

Question 35

Hypogastric Plexus

Answer 35

Urinary bladder and genital organs

Question 36

Renal Plexus

Answer 36

Kidneys and ureters

Question 37

Neurotransmitters

Answer 37

* Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinephrine (NE) * Bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic cell * Cause stimulation or inhibition; depending on receptor

Question 38

Cholinergic Neurons release

Answer 38

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 39

Cholinergic Neurons include: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 39

1. All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons 2. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands 3. All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 40

Cholinergic Receptors

Answer 40

Bind acetylcholine and are found on the post-synaptic cell

Question 41

Two types of Cholinergic Receptors

Answer 41

Nicotine Recptors Muscarinic Receptors

Question 42

Nicotine Receptors

Answer 42

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons Nicotine mimics the action of ACh when bound to these receptors

Question 43

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 43

In PM of effectors innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons In Chromaffin cells of adrenal medullae Muscarine mimics the effects of ACh when bound to these receptors Different subtypes have different responses (excitation/inhibition)

Question 44

Andrenergic Neurons

Answer 44

Release norepinephrin Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are andrenergic

Question 45

Adrenergic Receptors 2 Types of receptors on postsynaptic cell:

Answer 45

Alpha Receptors- 2 subtypes Beta Receptors- 3 subtypes

Question 46

Alpha 1 and Beta 1

Answer 46

Excitation in effectors

Question 47

Alpha 2 and Beta 2

Answer 47

Inhibition of effectors

Question 48

Beta 3

Answer 48

Found in BAT (Brown Adipose Tissue): found in babies

Question 49

Autonomic tone

Answer 49

A balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity Regulated by the hypothalamus

Question 50

**Sympathetic Responses** As **Stress** increases what happens?

Answer 50

* Increased production of **ATP** * Dilation of **pupils** * Increased **heart rate** and **blood pressure** * Dialation of **airways** * Constriction of **blood vessels** that supply the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract * increased **blood supply** to the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, liver and adipose tissue * increased **glycogenolysis** Increased **blood glucose** * Increased **lipolysis**

Question 51

**Parasympathetic Responses**

Answer 51

* Used to conserve energy and return body to homeostasis * increased **digestive and urinary function** * decreased body functions that support physical activity

Question 52

Cholinergic receptors bind to

Answer 52

Acetylcholine

Question 53

Norepinephrine is released from which type of neuron?

Answer 53

Cholinergeric

Question 54

The connective tissue layer that separates individual axons from one another is called the

Answer 54

Endoneurium

Question 55

How many cervial spinal nerves are there?

Answer 55

8