Exam 3: Chapter 6

Question 1

adolescent growth spurt

Answer 1

a period of rapid growth changes in height and weight

Question 2

puberty

Answer 2

period when sexual organs mature beginning earlier for girls than for boys.

Question 3

menarche

Answer 3

the onset of menstruation

Question 4

spermarche

Answer 4

boys first ejaculation

Question 5

secular trend

Answer 5

pattern of change menarche over the last century has been dropping

Question 6

primary sex characteristics

Answer 6

development of the organs and structures of the body relted to reproductions

Question 7

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 7

development of breast, appearance of pubic hair, change in voice in males

Question 8

What is the average age at which girls and boys begin puberty?

Answer 8

11-12

Question 9

what factors contribute to the timing of puberty?

Answer 9

more affluent, better nourished healthier girls/boys start puberty earlier

Question 10

What are the advantages of early maturation for boys?

Answer 10

• better at athletics
• popular having
• more positive self esteemed
• grow up to be more cooperative and responsible
• these boys are more likely to have school difficulties

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of late maturation for boys?

Answer 11

• tend to be seen as less attractive
• smaller boys have a disadvantage sports
• often leads to the decline of elf esteem or self concept

Question 12

What are the advantages of early girls?

Answer 12

• for girls is often difficult

- early maturing girls tend to be more popular but may not be ready to deal with dating

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of late maturation girls?

Answer 13

• Late maturing girls can be overlooked
• have low social status at first
• when they catch up their self esteem is high

Question 14

symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 14

• weight at least 15% below normal
• intent fear of gaining weight
• distorted body image
• denial of seriousness of weight loss
• death due to kidney or heart failure

Question 15

Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 15

• episodes of binge eating disorder followed by purging.
• chemical imbalance results from the constant vomiting or diarrhea
• can have effects including heart failure
• have a sense of being incapable of controlling their eating
• depression
• self-evaluation influenced by weight

Question 16

what treatment approaches have been used for these disorders?

Answer 16

• psychotherapy
• cognitive-behavioral techniques
• dietary modifications
• stress management techniques

Question 17

formal operational thinking

Answer 17

the period at which people develop the ability to think abstractly.

Question 18

What are the delineating characteristics of formal operational thinking?

Answer 18

• not everyone achieves formal operational skills
• social and cultural value influence these skills
• Consequences of using formal behavior
• change in everyday behavior
• use abstract reasoning abilities to question authority figure
• become more argumentative
• use critical thinking to challenge and see other perspectives

Question 19

What is metacognition?

Answer 19

the ability to monitor ones own cognition

-increase during adolescence

Question 20

Imaginary audience

Answer 20

adolescence think they are the focus of everyone else attention

Question 21

Personal fable

Answer 21

• belief that the adolescent is unique and exceptional, unlike everyone else.
• no one understands me
• risk-taking behavior

Question 22

what is the key conflict of psychosocial development for the adolescent?

Answer 22

identity v. identity confusion

Question 23

identity

Answer 23

• commitment to a vocation an ideological stances and a sexual orientation
• choices about personal, sexual and political commitments
• Vocational
• political
• religious
• sexual
• ethnic
• physical

Question 24

psychosocial moratorium.

Answer 24

time to let of go of responsibilities for a while and explore new roles and possibilities

Question 25

what are the four identity statuses described by James Marcia?

Answer 25

- Identity achievement - Moratorium - Identity Foreclosure - Identity Diffusion

Question 26

Identity achievement

Answer 26

- explore alternatives and commit to a course of action. | - ex.i love animals, I’m going to be a vet

Question 27

Identity Foreclosure

Answer 27

- prematurely commit to an identity without adequate exploration usually follows others directives ex. imaging into law to follow into my mothers footsteps

Question 28

Moratorium

Answer 28

- explore and do not commit to an option. an identity is usually defined later after a struggle - ex. i’m going to work at the mall till i figure out what i want to do

Question 29

Identity Diffusion

Answer 29

-either explores nor commits -I don’t have a clue typically, identity gels by age 18-20

Question 30

crises-

Answer 30

- period of time in which an adolescent faces the dilemma of forming an identity - the individual is exploring alternatives

Question 31

commitment

Answer 31

- a psychological investment in identity, in a course of action or ideology