Exam 4: Chapter 8 Flashcards
(51 cards)
What are the physical changes that customarily accompany middle adulthood?
-after age 55, bones become less dense
- women are susceptible to osteoporosis
- —-bones become brittle, fragile and thin
- Body fat increases
- strength gradually decrease
- by age 60 people have loss 10% of their max strength
female climacteric
-starts around the age of 45
The transition from being able to bear children to no longer being able to reproduce.
lasts about 15-20 years
perimenopause
-the changes in hormone levels beginning about 10 years prior to menopause
Menopause
- the cessation of menstruation
- marked by the absence of a menstrual period for about a year
what are the symptoms of menopause?
- the production of estrogen and progesterone drops
- “hot flashes”
- headaches
- feeling dizzy
- heart palpitations
- half of women report no symptoms
- A women expectations of menopause can influence her experience of it
Define the male climacteric.
- period of physical and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system
- occurs during late middle age
What changes might accompany it?
- Declines the production testosterone and sperm.
- a common change is an enlargement of the prostate gland
What kinds of physical illnesses may begin to emerge during the middle adult years?
- Arthritis
- Diabetes
- Hypertension(HBP)
- one of the most frequent chronic disorders of middle age
Identify the major risk factors for heart disease.
- both genetic and experiential factors that are involved
- heart diseases runs in families
- risks increase with age
- Behavioral factors for heart disease
- smoking
- high fat and cholesterol diet
Discuss the Type A behavior patterns.
- competitive
- impatient
- tendency towards frustration and hostility
- polyphasic activities-multiple activities carried out simultaneously
- anger & hostility
- evidence is correlational- not causal
- most experts say it is neg emotion and hostility that are major links to heart disease
Discuss the Type B behavior patterns.
- Non competitiveness, patience , and a lack of aggression
- less than half the risk of coronary disease thatType A people have
How do cross-sectional studies help the understanding of intelligence in adulthood?
- Test people of different ages at the same point in time.
- older subjects scored lower than younger (IQ)
-may be less educated
may have less stimulation on the job
Cohort effects-
influences associated with growing up at a particular historical time that affect people at a different age
What are the drawbacks of cross-sectional research designs?
Cross sectional studies may underestimate the intelligence of older subjects.
How do longitudinal studies help the understanding of intelligence in adulthood?
- same people studied in a span
- Adults showed stable/ increasing IQ scores until mid 30’s and some to mid 50’s then decline.
What are the drawbacks of longitudinal research designs?
- Repeated testing
- attrition
- overestimate the intelligence of older subjects.
Attrition-
subjects leave or die during the life span.
Repeated testing-
some people remember some of the test items called the practice effect.
what abilities of fluid intelligence change over a lifespan?
- inductive reasoning
- info processing abilities
-spatial orientation
declines with age
what is fluid intelligence?
Fluid intelligence
the ability to deal with new problems and situations
Crystallized Intelligence
- the store of info, skills, strategies through education and prior experiences
- the ability to use information has been learned and stored
- numerical and verbal abilities(solving crossword or mathematical problems
How does crystalized intelligence change over the lifespan?
-holds steady or increases with age
What do we mean by the selective optimization with compensation principle?
older and successful people may develop expertise
-another area would be declining
selective optimization with compensation-
the process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas.
