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A&P 1 UNCW > Exam 3 Part 2 The Brain > Flashcards

Exam 3 Part 2 The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Are the Cranial nerves part of the PNS or CNS?

A

PNS

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2
Q

Are nuclei white matter or gray matter?

A

Gray

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3
Q

Which is NOT part of the lambic system?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

True or False: The somatosensory cortex is part of the parietal lobe whereas the motor cortex is part of the frontal lobe.

A

True

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5
Q

Which types of fibers travel through the corpus collosum?

A

Commissural Fibers

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6
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex foliated?

A

To allow head size to remain small while the amount of gray matter increases.

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7
Q

Which activities are under control of the anterior lobe?

A

Planning/practicing/learning complex movements
Posture/locomotion/fine motor coordination

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8
Q

The special arterial structure at the base of the brain that helps to preserve continuous blood supply to the brain is called _________________.

A

The circle of Willis

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9
Q

Which arteries directly supply oxygenated blood to the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid
Vertebral

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10
Q

The two vertebral arteries merge to form the ___________ artery.

A

Basilar

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11
Q

When you stand, blood pressure in your head drops due to the force of gravity. The ______________ reflex prevents you from passing out when you stand.

A

Orthostatice

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12
Q

Which is the best explanation of how Purkinje cell interprets information?

A

The likelihood of an action potential in the Purkinje cell depends on the number and strength of incoming EPSPs and IPSPs.

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13
Q

The cerebella’s cortex is highly foliated. This dramatically increases total surface area of the cerebellum. While the cerebral cortex is also foliated to degree of foliation is much less. Which difference can we infer based on the degree of foliation in the cerebral cortex vs. the cerebellar cortex?

A

The ratio of gray matter to white matter is higher in the cerebellum.

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14
Q

Which behavior(s) is/are likely to depend heavily on the anterior lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Remaining upright while sitting
Extending arm and finger to touch a small target

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15
Q

1

A

Corpus Callosum

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16
Q

2

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

3

A

Cerebral Cortex

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18
Q

4

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

5

A

Hypothalamus

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20
Q

6

A

Forebrain (Diencephalon)

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21
Q

7

A

Midbrain

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22
Q

8

A

Superior Colliculi

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23
Q

9

A

Tegmentum

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24
Q

10

A

Inferior Colliculi

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25
11
Reticular Formation
26
12
Cerebellum
27
13
Hindbrain
28
14
Pons
29
15
Medulla
30
16
Brain Stem (Diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain)
31
17
Pituitary gland
32
Red Section What is it and what does it do?
Frontal Lobe Motivation, Foresight, Planning, Mood, Creating, Imagining, and Social Judgement
33
Blue Section What is it and what does it do?
Parietal Lobe General senses, Taste, Some Visual
34
Orange/Brown Section What is it and what does it do?
Occipital Lobe Visual Center
35
Green Section What is it and what does it do?
Temporal Lobe Hearing, Smell, Learning, Memory, Emotion
36
Purple Section What is it and what does it do?
Lambic Lobe Language, Taste, Visceral receptors, Memory, Emotion, Learning
37
The Brain Stem
Most evolutionary ancient part of the brain Links spinal cord to forebrain Involved heavily in unconscious or semi-conscious behaviors (posture, breathing, integration of visual and auditory stimuli, and muscle memory)
38
Reticular Formation
Web of fibers in hindbrain linked with long fibers that bring signals from nearly all parts of the brain. Modulates sensory information Sensitizes or Desensitizes the cerebrum to stimuli through excitatory or inhibitory signaling
39
The Thalamus
Part of the four brain; receives input for all senses except smell Lots of information passes through here and gets rerouted to another location Generates a very ancient form of consciousness that you may experience resulting from sensory stimuli.
40
Lambic System
Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus
41
Hypothalamus
Major endocrine tissue; controls pituitary gland Hunger, thirst, body temp, sleep/wake cycle, rage/aggression, fight/flight Epithalamus (Pineal gland) Emotional and visceral responses to odors, light sensing
42
Amygdala
Part of the limbic system; send projections to the hypothalamus Processes smells and pheromones; receives inputs directly from olfactory bulbs and olfactory cortex Involved in social inhibitions, aggression, sex drive, and facial recognition Strongly associated with memories and behaviors linked to strong emotions, like fear Amygdala size and characteristics have been associated with sexual orientation and political preferences.
43
Hippocampus
Part of the limbic system Associated with spatial memory and navigation, verbal memory, and learning of computational information Site of formation of new memories; converts short term memories to long term memories Association between hippocampus and amygdala may help explain conditions like PTSD
44
The Cerebrum
Where complex information processing occurs Sear of consciousness Certain regions are associated with specific functions Differences in function between hemispheres
45
Sulcus
Small grooves or valley
46
Gyrus
Elevated ridges or hills
47
Fissures
Deep grooves or canyons
48
Cortex
Outer layer
49
Homunculus
Little Man Graphic representation of sensory or motor regions based o brain surgery patients Regions corresponding to sensory inputs or motor outputs are matched to a part of the body
50
Association Fiber
Connects different parts of the cerebral cortex
51
Commissural fiber
Connects left and right hemispheres
52
Corpus Collosum
Contains 90% of the Commissural fibers
53
Projection Fibers
Motor pathways leading out of the cerebrum
54
Cerebral (Basal) Nuclei
Area of gray matter that are not cortical Responsible for coordinating large, learned, semi-autonomous muscle activities
55
Emergence
New properties emerge as the system grows in size and complexity May appear magical or to defy the laws of physics. A “higher power” is often invoked as a necessary explanation. Cannot be predicted by observing the components or component processes
56
Perception Vs. Consciousness
The nematode can sense the presence of food, light, or mates. It can also decide what to do about it. It is not aware that it is making that decision or even that there is a decision to be made.
57
Flocculonodular Lobe
Oldest part; control of balance and eye movement; inputs from vestibular apparatus of inner ear.
58
Vermis
Posture, locomotion, fine motor coordination, smoot movements
59
Anterior Lateral hemispheres
Planning, practicing, learning complex movements
60
Posterior Lateral hemispheres
Executive functions and affective functions Receives input exclusively from the cerebrum Receives visual, auditory signals Planning, working memory, and abstract reasoning Language complexity and verbal fluency Mediates “adult-like” behaviors, inhibitions, and social awareness
61
The Purkinje Cell
One of the most distinctive cells in the brain Extensive dendritic Tree Each cell receives 150,000 to 200,000 inputs Axons make as many as 1,000 contact each 19% of all the cells in the cerebellum
62
How many more neurons does the Cerebellum have compared to the rest of the CNS?
At least 4 times more

A&P 1 UNCW (15 decks)

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