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Physiology > Exam 3 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Respiratory Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

VC

A

TV + ERV + IRV

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2
Q

IC

A

TV + IRV

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3
Q

FRC

A

ERV + RV

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4
Q

TLC

A

TV + ERV + IRV + RV

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5
Q

Inspiration

A

external intercostal and diaphragm contraction

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6
Q

Expiration

A

internal intercostal and abdominal contraction

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7
Q

Shift Right

A

Reduced affinity for O2, release O2, High Temp, High H+/CO2, low pH, High 2,3-BPG (activity)

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8
Q

Shift Left

A

Increased affinity, Decreased Temp, Decreased H+/CO2, Increased pH, Decreased 2,3-BPG (non-active)

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9
Q

Type 1 Alveolar Cells

A

exchange

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10
Q

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

A

surfactant

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11
Q

Airway Functions

A

warm air, add H2O, filter foreign

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12
Q

Goblet Cells

A

secrete mucus

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13
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Partial Pressures Sum Total Pressure

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14
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1=P2V2

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15
Q

Hypocapnia

A

low CO2

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

low O2 tissue

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17
Q

Hyperventilation

A

High O2

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18
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Low O2, High CO2

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19
Q

Emphysema

A

type of COPD, alveolar damage, lowers surface area

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20
Q

Capacity

A

more than one volume

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21
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

fluid accumulation, increased diffusion distance

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22
Q

Pleural Fluid

A

lubricant

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23
Q

Parietal PLeura

A

outer

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24
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

inner

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25
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
26
RDS
Respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant deficiency
27
Hypoxemia
low O2 in blood, low oxygenation
28
Surfactant
surface tension equalizer, more in smaller alveoli
29
Compliance
ability to stretch (RDS/tb complications)
30
Elasticty
ability to return from stretch
31
Haldane Effect
Increased Po2 affinity lowers CO2 affinity for hemoglobin binding
32
Fibrosis
thickening of alveoli, diffusion barrier, lowered compliance, type of RLD
33
Hypoxic Hypoxia
low O2 in blood, high altitude, hypoventilation, no adequate oxygen
34
Anemic Hypoxia
Reduced O2 carrying, CO poisoning, anemia, problem with heme binding
35
Ischemic Hypoxia
stagnant, insufficient blood flow, heart failure, shock, issues with transportation
36
Histotoxic Hypoxia
unusable oxygen due to CN poisoning, present but not used
37
COPD
emphysema (alveolar damage/decrease SA), chronic bronchitis (cough/mucus), chronic, non-reversible, environmental
38
RDS
NRDS (lacks surfactant), ARDS (severe inflammation), acute, premature, infection
39
Regulated Variables
O2, CO2, pH
40
Arterial Po2 __ Venous Po2
>
41
Venous Pco2 __ Arterial Pco2
>
42
Venous pH __ Arterial pH
<
43
Alveolar Po2 __ Blood Po2
>
44
Blood Pco2 __ Alveolar Pco2
>
45
Blood Po2 __ Tissue Po2
>
46
Tissue Pco2 __ Blood Pco2
>
47
Asthma
bronchiole restriction, decreased Po2, type of constriction disease
48
QO2
CO x (Ao2 - Vo2)
49
98% O2
bound
50
2% O2
dissolved
51
7% CO2
dissolved
52
23% CO2
bound
53
70% CO2
bicarbonate
54
HbCO2
carbaminohemoglobin
55
Cl- Shift
Chloride enters RBC, HCO3- leaves
56
Medulla
inspiratory/expiratory muscles
57
Pons
ventilation
58
Chemoreceptors
reflexes
59
Phrenic Nerve
diaphram
60
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
carotid bodies
61
Protective Reflexes
bronchoconstriction, sneezing, coughing, Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
62
Low Po2 Innervation
Low Po2 -> K+ closed -> Depolarization -> Ca2+ open -> Vesicle Formation -> Synapse Signal -> Increased Ventilation
63
Pneumothorax
air flow into the cavity, collapse
64
Low Compliance
low stretch, RLD, fibrosis "thickening", NRDS "surfactant"
65
Surfactant
disrupts the cohesive force of water, made of proteins and phospholipids
66
LaPlace
2(ST)/radius; smaller alveoli have more surfactant, pressure equalizes
67
Bronchoconstriction
increase resistance, parasympathetic
68
Bronchodilation
lowered resistance, sympathetic
69
Totalpv
ventilation rate x Tidal Volume (mL/min)
70
Alveolarv
ventilation rate v (Tidal Volume - Dead Volume) (mL/min)
71
Obstructive Lung Disease
Increased resistance, COPD, apnea, asthma (constriction)
72
Restrictive Lung Disease
decreased compliance, fibrosis "thickening"

Physiology (22 decks)

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