Exam 3 Review Questions Flashcards by Z Chin

Which of the following statements concerning the anatomy of a typical rib is CORRECT?
A. The sternal end of each rib lies at a higher level than the vertebral end.
B. The tubercle of a typical rib articulates with the transverse process of
the vertebra with the same number.
C. Ribs 1-7 are referred to as vertebrochondral ribs.
D. The costal groove contains from superior to inferior: nerve, artery, vein.
E. The head of a typical rib articulates with the demifacets of its own
number vertebra and the vertebra below

The tubercle of a typical rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra with the same number

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Which of the following structures would be penetrated first by a needle passing through the anterior chest wall just to the left of the sternum?
A external intercostal muscle
B internal intercostal muscle
C transverse thoracis muscle 
D long thoracic nerve

Internal intercostal muscle

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Mammary glands would NOT receive blood from which of the following arteries?
A internal thoracic 
B nearby intercostal arteries
C thoracoacromial artery
D lateral thoracic artery

Thoracoacromial artery

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Which of the following heart sounds is best heard in the second intercostal space along the right side of sternum?

Aortic

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The true intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami and are divided into 3 groups. Which of the following groups of true intrinsic back muscles includes the splenius capitis and splenius cercicus?
A spinotransversalis
B sacrospinalis
C erector spinae
D transversospinalis

Spinotransversalis

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The thoracolumbar fascia is a triangular-shaped sheet of tough connective tissue covering the lower back. It is the partial site of origin of the latissimus dorsi and abdominal oblique muscles. This fascia can be divided into three layer or laminae. Which of the laminae attaches to the lumbar spinous processes?
A posterior
B middle
C anterior
D all three layers attach

Posterior

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Which of the following muscle groups is part of the intrinsic musculature of the back

A trapezius
B erector spinae group
C latissimus
D serratus posterior group

Erector spinae group

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Which of the following muscle groups is lateral to the others listed below?

A longissimus group
B interspinales
C spinalis group
D transversospinalis group
E iliocostalis group

Iliocostalis group

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Anterior sacral foramina allow the passage of which of the following?
A dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves
B ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves
C the lower thoracis nerves via the cauda equina
D the upper lumbar nerves via the cauda equina

Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves

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A typical thoracic vertebra includes all of the following components except:

A heart-shaped body
B inferior articular facets
C superior costal demifacets
D transverse foramina

Transverse foramina

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The sacral promontory is formed by which of the following structures?

The centrum of S1

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Which of the following ligaments extends along the roof of the neural canal
A. Anterior longitudinal ligament
B. Posterior longitudinal ligament
C. Ligamentum flavum
D. Supraspinous ligament

Ligamentum flavum

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Transverse foramina are characteristic which of the following?
A all cervical
B only the first six cervical
C all cervical vertebrae plus the first thoracic vertebra
D only cervical vertebrae 2-7

All cervical

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True statement regarding vertebrae?
A. Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the
lamina and the pedicel.
B. The spinous process of a vertebrae arises from the intersection of the
two pedicels.
C. Mammillary bodies are associated with the anterior articulating
processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae.
D. The articular facets of the typical thoracic vertebrae are organized in a sagittal plane

Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the lamina and the pedicel

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How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column?

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An exaggeration of a secondary vertebral column curve is characterized by which of the following?
A. Mostly occurs in the thoracic region
B. Is referred to as (hyper-)kypophysis
C. Mostly occurs in the cervical region
D. Is referred to as (hyper-)lordosis

Is referred to as (hyper) lordosis

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In the cervical region, which of the following ligaments is referred to as the ligamentum nuchae?
A. Anterior longitudinal ligament
B. Posterior longitudinal ligament
C. Ligamentum flavum
D. Supraspinous ligament

Supraspinous ligament

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The anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column has which of the following characteristics?
A. It anchors the emerging spinal nerves in place.
B. It limits the direction of nucleus pulposus extrusion during disk
herniation.
C. It narrows anteriorly to the intervertebral disc.
D. It limits flexion.

It limits the direction of nucleus pulposus extrusion during disk herniation

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True of denticulate ligaments?
gaments?
A. They are found in the oral cavity and are part of the gomphoses.
B. They attach the serratus anterior to the ribs.
C. They help to stabilize the spinal cord.
D. They extend between the pia mater and the arachnoid layer

Help to stabilize the spinal cord

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The spinal cord proper ends at which of the following levels?

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How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are present in the human?

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Which of the following spaces or membranes around the spinal cord is superficial to all the others listed? 
A dura mater
B pia mater
C epidural space
D arachnoid layer

Epidural space

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Which of the following levels of the spinal cord form the cervical enlargement?
A. C1-C5
B. C3-C6
C. C3-T1
D. C5-T2

C3-T1

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Lateral horns of the spinal cord are found in which regions?
A. Cervical through upper sacral
B. Lower cervical through the upper lumbar
C. Upper cervical through the lower thoracicc
D. Thoracic through the upper lumbar

Thoracic through the upper lumbar

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``` Cell bodies of the alpha motor neurons originate from which of the following regions of the spina cord? A. Posterior columns B. Lateral columns C. Lateral horns D. Anterior horns ```

Anterior horns

``` Which of the following characteristics is NOT characteristic of autonomic preganglionic neurons A always myelinated B originate from ganglia C utilize acetylcholine D synapse in ganglia ```

Originate from ganglia

``` The stellate ganglion is formed from which of the following fused ganglia? A. All three cervical plus T1 B. T1 through T5 C. Middle and inferior cervical plus T1 D. Inferior cervical plus T1 ```

Inferior cervical plus T1

``` Splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers. They supply abdominal viscera. The greater splanchnic nerve synapses in which of the following regions? A. Wall of upper GI tract B. Aorticorenal ganglion C. Celiac ganglion D. Superior mesenteric ganglion ```

Celiac ganglion

The parasympathetic supply to the thoracic cavity is via which of the following? A. Paravertebral chain ganglion pairs T1-T5 B. Splanchnic nerves C. Vagus nerves D. Stellate ganglion

Vagus nerves

``` The medial arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm form the lumbocostal arches and anteriorly cross which muscles? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Quadratus lumborum C. Psoas major D. Transversus thoracis ```

Psoas major

The aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at which vertebral level?

T12

``` Which of the following structures is/are found in both the superior and the inferior mediastinum? A. Thymus B. Vagus nerves C. Heart D. Trachea E. Phrenic nerves ```

Thymus

``` The heart is found in which of the following locations? A. Anterior superior mediastinum B. Middle superior mediastinum C. Anterior inferior mediastinum D. Middle inferior mediastinum E. Posterior inferior mediastinum ```

Middle inferior mediastinum

``` Which of the following structures would NOT be found in the superior mediastinum? A. Esophagus B. Azygos vein C. Vagus nerves D. Thymus E. Trachea ```

Azygos vein

``` In aspirating material from the right costodiaphragmatic recess, care must be taken to not penetrate which of the following? A. Spleen B. The lower lobe of the right lung C. The middle lobe of the right lung D. The liver E. The right ventricle of the heart ```

The liver

``` Which of the following lobes would not be found in the right lung? A upper (superior) B middle C lower (inferior) D lingula ```

Lingula

A CORRECT statement regarding to pulmonary veins A. Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental. B. Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental. C. Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental. D. Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental.

Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental

``` Which level of the tracheobronchial tree branchings supply bronchopulmonary segments? A. Primary bronchi B. Secondary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi D. Respiratory bronchioles E. Terminal bronchioles ```

Tertiary bronchi

Statement is INCORRECT regarding the vascular supply to the bronchopulmonary tree? A. Bronchial arteries that supply the left lung are branches off the thoracic aorta. B. Bronchial veins on the right drain into the azygos vein. C. Bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta. D. Bronchial veins on the left drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein.

Bronchial arteries supply the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta

``` Which of the following structures lies anterior to the arch of the aorta? A. Left primary bronchus B. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve C. Left phrenic nerve D. Trachea ```

Left phrenic nerve

The posterior descending artery is a branch of the right coronary artery. T/F?

True

Arteries supplying the AV and SA nodes are branches from the right coronary artery/ T/F?

True

``` Which of the following is normally NOT a direct branch off the aortic arch? A brachiocephalic B left common carotid C left subclavian D right subclavian ```

Right subclavian

``` Which of the following veins is involved in draining the left posterior intercostal spaces? A. Left internal thoracic B. Azygos vein C. Hemiazygos vein D. Lateral thoracic vein ```

Hemiazygos vein

``` Which of the following structures would NOT be found in both the left and right ventricles? A papillary muscles B moderator band C chordae tendinae D trabeculae carnae ```

Moderator band

``` The fused sacral transverse processes form which of the following crests? A. Median sacral crest B. Middle sacral crests C. Lateral sacral crests D. Alae ```

Lateral sacral crests

``` Which of the following represents the proximal attachment of the inguinal ligament? A ASIS B AIIS C greater trochanter D intertrochanteric crest E pubic tubercle ```

ASIS

``` The deep inguinal ring is formed by an evagination of the fascia of which of the following muscles A. transversus B. internal oblique C. external oblique D. sartorius E. rectus femoris ```

Transversus

``` The inguinal ligament is attached to the ASIS and the pubic tubercle and is the inferior border of the aponeurosis of which of the following muscles? A. transversus B. internal oblique C. external oblique D. sartorius E. rectus femoris ```

External oblique

``` Remnants of the umbilical arteries are associated with which of the following landmarks on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall? A. falciform ligament B. medial umbilical folds C. median umbilical fold D. lateral umbilical folds E. ligamentum teres ```

Medial umbilical folds

``` Which of the following “ligaments” extends from the umbilicus to the liver? A. lesser omentum B. ligamentum teres C. falciform D. greater omentum E. epiploic ```

Ligamentum teres

``` The ligamentum teres hepatis is enclosed within which of the following ligaments? A. gastrosplenic ligament B. gastrohepatic ligament C. hepatoduodenal ligament D. falciform ligament E. coronary ligament ```

Falciform ligament

``` When full, the urinary bladder would be found in which of the following regions of the abdomen? A. Right hypochondriac B. Epigastric C. Hypogastric D. Right lateral ```

Hypogastric

``` Which of the following types of hernias occurs primarily in older men, does not pass through the inguinal canal, and does not extend into the scrotum? A. Direct inguinal hernia B. Indirect inguinal hernia C. Femoral hernia D. Umbilical hernia ```

Direct inguinal hernia

``` The abdominal aorta gives off three pairs of visceral branches. Which of the following would NOT be included in this group? A renal B gonadal C middle suprarenal D phrenic ```

Phrenic

``` The superior suprarenal arteries are branches of which of the following vessels? A. inferior phrenic B. abdominal aorta C. renal D. superior mesenteric E. inferior mesenteric ```

Inferior phrenic

The short gastric arteries are branches of the left gastric artery. T/f?

False

``` Which of the following arteries is not a direct branch of the celiac trunk? A. splenic B. right gastric C. common hepatic D. left gastric ```

Right gastric

``` The vagus nerves pass through the diaphragm at which level? A. T6 B. T8 C. T10 D. T12 ```

T10

The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the: ``` A. left gastric artery B. splenic artery C. common hepatic artery D. greater epiploic artery E. none of the above ```

Left gastric artery

``` The ascending colon is supplied by which of the following? A. celiac trunk B. superior mesenteric artery C. inferior mesenteric artery D. middle colic artery E. median sacral artery ```

Superior mesenteric artery

``` The inferior suprarenal arteries are branches of which of the following arteries? A. inferior phrenic B. common hepatic C. left gastric D. abdominal aorta E. renal ```

Renal

``` The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliacs is associated with which of the following landmarks? A. L3 B. L4 C. L5 D. S1 E. S2 ```

``` The inguinal ligament attaches to which pair of structures? A. ASIS and AIIS B. AIIS and ischial spine C. ASIS and pubic tubercle D. ASIS and inferior pubic ramus ```

ASIS and pubic tubercle

The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at which vertebral level?

The greater splanchnic nerves pass through the diaphragm at which vertebral level?

T12

``` The paired diaphragmatic crura are connected superiorly by which of the following structure? A. Pyloric sphincter B. Median arcuate ligament C. Medial arcuate ligaments D. Lateral arcuate ligaments ```

Median arcuate ligament

``` The right lateral arcuate ligament is formed from the deep fascia of which of the following structures? A. Psoas major B. Quadratus lumborum C. Falciform ligament D. Right renal ```

Quadratus lumborum

``` The porta hepatis lies between which two liver lobes? A. Right and left B. Right and caudate C. Left and caudate D. Right and quadrate E. Caudate and quadrate ```

Caudate and quadrate

``` Which of the following is the largest lobe of the liver? A. Right B. Left C. Quadrate D. Caudate E. Median ```

Right

``` The lesser omentum separates which two lobes of the liver? A. Right and left B. Right and caudate C. Quadrate and caudate D. Left and caudate ```

Left and caudate

``` Which of the following is the largest visceral organ in the body? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Stomach D. Kidney ```

Liver

``` The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and which of the following? A. Inferior mesenteric vein B. Splenic vein C. Left gastroepiploic vein D. Right gastroepiploic vein E. Gastroduodenal vein ```

Splenic vein

Which of the following is true of the hepatic portal vein? A. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins. B. It receives venous blood form most of the gastrointestinal tract. C. It passes to the live through the falciform ligament. D. It forms anterior to the head of the pancreas. E. It terminates directly into the inferior vena cava.

It receives venous blood from most of the gastrointestinal tract

``` Which of the following structures is NOT part of the portal triad? A. Hepatic portal vein B. Common hepatic duct C. Inferior vena cava D. Common hepatic artery ```

Inferior vena cava

``` A strong sphincter muscle is associated with which of the following structures? A. Fundus of the stomach B. Body of the stomach C. Spleen D. Pylorus of the stomach ```

Pylorus of the stomach

Which of the following is characteristic of the hepatoduodenal ligament? A. It is part of the greater omentum. B. It is part of the lesser omentum. C. It contains the round ligament of the liver. D. It attaches to the bare area of the liver. E. It attaches to the neck of the gallbladder.

It is part of the lesser omentum

``` Which of the following parts of the GI tract is not suspended by a mesentery? A. Transverse colon B. Sigmoid colon C. Ileum D. Jejunum E. Duodenum ```

Duodenum

``` The neck of the pancreas is crossed by which of the following structures? A. Splenic artery B. Left gastric artery C. Common hepatic artery D. Abdominal aorta E. Super mesenteric artery ```

Superior mesenteric artery

``` The proximal end of the duodenum is begins at which of the following levels? A. T11 B. L1 C. L2 D. L3 E. L4 ```

``` The junction between the sigmoid colon and the rectum is anterior to which of the following landmarks? A. S2 B. S3 C. S4 D. Pelvic brim E. Arcuate line ```

``` The small intestine is approximately 21 feet in length. Which of the following is the longest of the three subdivisions of the small intestine? A. Jejunum B. Duodenum C. Ileum D. Rectum ```

Ileum

``` Taenia coli are associated with which of the following structures? A. Ileum B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Sigmoid colon ```

Sigmoid colon

``` The abdominal aorta gives off three pairs of visceral branches. Which of the following would NOT be included in this group? A. Renal B. Gonadal C. Middle suprarenal D. Phrenic ```

Phrenic

``` The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the: A. Left gastric artery B. Splenic artery C. Common hepatic artery D. Greater epiploic artery E. None of the above ```

Left gastric artery

``` The vagus nerve passes through the diaphragm at which vertebral level? A. T6 B. T8 C. T10 D. T12 ```

T10

``` The aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at which vertebral level? A. T6 B. T8 C. T10 D. T12 ```

T12

Which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to pulmonary veins? A. Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental. B. Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental. C. Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental. D. Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental.

Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental.

Exam 3 Review Questions Flashcards

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