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Anat 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes the anatomical position?

A

Standing erect
Palms supinated
Toes directed forward

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2
Q

An axis is a…

A

Straight line

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3
Q

A plane is formed by?

A

2 intersecting axes

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4
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to surface

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5
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and a deep structure

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6
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the surface

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7
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the median plane

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the median plane

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9
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Nearer to back

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10
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Nearer to head

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11
Q

Palmar vs dorsal

A 
Anterior hand (palm)
Posterior hand (dorsum)
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12
Q

Plantar vs dorsal

A

Inferior foot surface (sole)

Sup foot surface (dorsum)

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to trunk or point of origin

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14
Q

Distal

A

Farther from trunk or point of origin

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15
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Nearer to front

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16
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Nearer to feet

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17
Q

Ausculation

A

Hearing/sound

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18
Q

Palpation

A

Touch/feel

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19
Q

Bony landmarks

A

Where you’re at in the human body

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20
Q

Dermatomes

A

Neural assessment

I.e. sensory and motor deprivation

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21
Q

The epidermis is a…

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Epidermis is made up of how many layers?

A

4-5

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23
Q

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis and what activity is high?

A

Stratum basale/germinativum and high mitotic activity

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24
Q

The stratum basale is… and…?

A

Innervated and avascular

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25
Superficial layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
26
How are cells like in the layer of the stratum corneum?
Dead and keratinized
27
Between the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum are?
Several transitional layers represented by cells from the stratum germinativum that are transforming into dead, keratinized cells
28
What is the deepest region of the integument?
Dermis
29
4 characteristics of the dermis?
Classified as a dense irregular connective tissue Has an abundance of collagen fibers May also be some elastic fibers The dermis is vascularized
30
2 layers of the dermis?
Papillary (closest to the epidermis) | Reticular
31
Thick skin: Found? How thick? 1 characteristic
Palms of hands and soles of feet 0.4-0.6 mm No hair follicles
32
Thin skin: Found? Thickness? Total skin thickness?
Every where except palms of hands and sole of feet 0.075-0.150 mm Total: 0.5-3 mm
33
Integument sits on a connective tissue referred as? (4)
Subcutaneous fascia Superficial fascia Hypodermis SubQ
34
Superficial fascia: Consist of? May be... Supports?
Loose bundles of collagen and elastic fibers, as well as aggregate lipocytes May be loosely or tightly attached Supports cutaneous nerves and blood vessels
35
Deep fascia syn:
Membranous fascia | Investing fascia
36
Deep fascia made of?
Several thin layers of tough collagen material
37
Deep fascia adheres to?
Muscles, bones, tendons
38
Glands are what?
Epithelial structures
39
Exocrine
Secrete out through a duct
40
Endocrine
Secrete products into bloodstream (no duct)
41
Sudoriferous glands
Long, simple, tubular glands | Merocrine or apocrine
42
Apocrine glands found?
Labia majora, areola, axillary and anal regions
43
Characteristic of apocrine secretions?
Thick, viscous
44
Excretory duct opens into hair follicle
Apocrine
45
Apocrine innervation
Adrenergic innervation (odor) due to stress response from sympathetic NS
46
Special types of apocrine glands (2)
``` Ceruminous glands (ear wax) Glands of Moll (lubricant for eyes-oil) ```
47
Sebaceous glands are...
Holocrine glads
48
Secretion is thick | Secretory cell is destroyed in the process of secretion
Holocrine
49
Hair follicles associated with...
Sebaceous glands
50
Ceruminous glands located and secrete what?
In external auditory canal and secrete ear wax
51
Modified sweat glands | Both merocrine and apocrine
Mammory glands
52
Lanugo
Earliest fine embryonic hair that sheds before birth except around eyebrows, scalp, and eyelids
53
Vellus
New downy coat of hair appears a few months after birth.
54
Hair shaft composed of...
Dead cornfield epidermal cells
55
Hair follicle derived from...
Both epidermis and dermis
56
A type of sensory receptor (a cutaneous derivative)
Hair
57
Hairs are found everywhere except?
Palms, soles, dorsal digit phalanges, anal and urogenital apertures
58
3 parts to a nail
Ungis Matrix Subungis
59
Ungis: (4) characteristics
Modified stratum corneum Flattened Avascular and not innervated Travels over a nail bed guided by lateral nail grooves
60
Matrix (1 nail characteristic)
Stratum germinativum produces ungis
61
Types of specialized cell in the integument
``` Melanocytes Melanosomes Langerhans cells Merkel cells Meissner’s corpuscles Pacino corpuscles ```
62
3 melanocytes characteristics
Found in deep layers of epidermis Derived from nervous system components Form melanosomes
63
Characteristics of langerhans cells (6)
``` Aka dendritic cells Derived from monocytes Antigen presenting cells Primarily in stratum spinosum Migrate from epidermis to lymph nodes Birbeck granules (proteins involved in uptake and delivery of antigens) ```
64
Merkel cells characteristics (4)
Mechanorecptors Diffuse neuroendocrine cells In stratum germinativum Contain catecholamine like granules
65
Langers’s lines
Represent tension lines created by collagen fibers in dermis
66
Surgeons incise...to langer’s lines?
Parallel
67
What layer rests on the dermis?
Basal membrane
68
What layer rests on the dermis?
Basal membrane
69
What layer rests on the basal membrane?
Epidermis
70
List, in order, the integument layers.
Epidermis Basal membrane Dermis
71
Superficial fascia located?
between the dermis (overlaying skin) and underlying deep fascia
72
Define dermatome?
unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve
73
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?
Most cellular tissue in the body Simple (one cell layer thick) and stratified (more than one cell layer thick) Classified by shape of cells (squamous, cubodial, and columnar)
74
Epithelial cells are tightly bound to form?
To form tissues by highly specialized molecular complexes that form tight junctions
75
Epithelial cells exhibit...
polarity
76
Apical domains and examples
Surfaces of the cells that are in contact with the lumen: kidney tubule cells and glandular duct cells or external environment: surface cells of the epidermis
77
Basolateral domains and examples
surfaces of the cells that are locked together and surface opp the apical domain that is in contact with the basal lamina
78
epithelial tissue sits on top?
A basement membrane
79
Basal membrane consists of what 2 components
basal lamina is next to the epithelial layer | reticular lamina is in contact with underlying connective tissue
80
Functions of the basement membrane:
Selective filtration barrier scaffold for embryogenesis and regeneration stabilization of tissue shapes
81
What are the surface modifications on the apical domains of the outermost cell layer?
cilia stereocilia microvilli (brush border)
82
Lightly keratinized epithelium in
esophagus and vagina
83
Heavily keratinized epithelium in
epidermis
84
Pseudostratified epithelium:
type of simple epithelium
85
Median plane divides the body into
Left and right halves
86
Frontal plane divides the body into
Anterior and posterior
87
Transverse plane divide the body into
Superior and inferior
88
Median (saggital) plane is formed by what 2 intersecting axes
Cranial-caudal and anterior-posterior
89
Frontal (coronal) plane formed by what 2 intersecting axes
Cranial caudal and left-right axes
90
Transverse plane formed by what 2 intersecting axes
Anterior-posterior and left-right axes
91
Anterior-posterior axis rotation?
Abduction adduction
92
Left-right transverse rotation?
Flexion extension

Anat 1 (19 decks)

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